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Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition) Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition)

Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition) Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition)

The Founding Documents of the United States of America includes the Constitution of the United States, the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, all Amendments to the Constitution, The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, and Common Sense by Thomas Paine.

The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 articles and essays written under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The Federalist Papers are notable for their opposition to what later became the United States Bill of Rights. The idea of adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution was originally controversial because the Constitution, as written, did not specifically enumerate or protect the rights of the people, rather it listed the powers of the government and left all that remained to the states and the people. Alexander Hamilton, the author of Federalist No. 84, feared that such an enumeration, once written down explicitly, would later be interpreted as a list of the only rights that people had.

Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Writing in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation.

About the Authors

Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker, and economist. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper. His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch, a strong commercial economy, national banks, support for manufacturing, and a strong military.

James Madison (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote The Federalist Papers, co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States secretary of State from 1801 to 1809.

Thomas Paine (February 9, 1737 - June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. He authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights. Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said: "Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain". Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. The British government, worried by the possibility that the French Revolution might spread to England, had begun suppressing works that espoused radical philosophies. Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued in early 1792. Paine fled to France in September where, despite not being able to speak French, he was quickly elected to the French National Convention. The Girondists regarded him as an ally. Consequently, the Montagnards, especially Maximilien Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December 1793, he was arrested and was taken to Luxembourg Prison in Paris. While in prison, he continued to work on The Age of Reason (1793-1794). James Monroe, a future President of the United States, used his diplomatic connections to get Paine released in November 1794. In 1802, he returned to the U.S. where he died on June 8, 1809.

Hardcover: 600 pages
Publisher: Engage Classics (February 2, 2021)

Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty

Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty

Kostyal tells the story of the great American heroes who created the Declaration of Independence, fought the American Revolution, shaped the US Constitution--and changed the world. The era's dramatic events, from the riotous streets in Boston to the unlikely victory at Saratoga, are punctuated with lavishly illustrated biographies of the key founders--Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Ben Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and James Madison--who shaped the very idea of America. An introduction and ten expertly-rendered National Geographic maps round out this ideal gift for history buff and student alike. Filled with beautiful illustrations, maps, and inspired accounts from the men and women who made America, Founding Fathers brings the birth of the new nation to light.

About the Author

K. M. KOSTYAL is a longtime writer for National Geographic. She has authored books on a wide range of subjects, including war heroes and child survivors of war. The author of Abraham Lincoln's Extraordinary Era, a former senior editor at National Geographic magazine and National Geographic Books, and a contributor to National Geographic Traveler, Kostyal is the recipient of two Lowell Thomas Awards.

Hardcover: 352 pages
Publisher: National Geographic; First Edition (October 28, 2014)

Documenting America: Making The Constitution Documenting America: Making The Constitution

Documenting America: Making The Constitution Documenting America: Making The Constitution

The development of the U.S, Constitution, in response to the failing Articles of Confederation, happened in a few years following the Revolution. This book looks at a number of key documents from those years: analysis of the problem, pre-Convention debates, the Convention deliberations, post-Convention debates in the press and in State conventions, and the Bill of Rights. The discussions of those days are then tied to an issue we still deal with in the 21st Century.

About the Author

David A. Todd is a civil engineer by profession, and a writer by passion. His interests include history (especially American history), politics, and genealogy. He writes novels in multiple genres, non-fiction books in USA history, poetry, and Bible studies. A native Rhode Islander, he has lived in Kansas City, Saudi Arabia, North Carolina, Kuwait, and Arkansas since 1991.

His engineering career has been in consulting civil engineering, primarily in public infrastructure. He had written articles for six different print publications and three on line publications on the subject of infrastructure, flood control, and construction contracting.

Paperback: 265 pages
Publisher: Independently published (September 10, 2019)

The Urantia Book The Urantia Book
The Urantia Book The Urantia Book

Love

Love is truly contagious and eternally creative. (p. 2018) “Devote your life to proving that love is the greatest thing in the world.” (p. 2047) “Love is the ancestor of all spiritual goodness, the essence of the true and the beautiful.” (p. 2047) The Father’s love can become real to mortal man only by passing through that man’s personality as he in turn bestows this love upon his fellows. (p. 1289) The secret of a better civilization is bound up in the Master’s teachings of the brotherhood of man, the good will of love and mutual trust. (p. 2065)

Prayer

Prayer is not a technique of escape from conflict but rather a stimulus to growth in the very face of conflict. (p. 1002) The sincerity of any prayer is the assurance of its being heard. … (p. 1639) God answers man’s prayer by giving him an increased revelation of truth, an enhanced appreciation of beauty, and an augmented concept of goodness. (p. 1002) …Never forget that the sincere prayer of faith is a mighty force for the promotion of personal happiness, individual self-control, social harmony, moral progress, and spiritual attainment. (p. 999)

Suffering

There is a great and glorious purpose in the march of the universes through space. All of your mortal struggling is not in vain. (p. 364) Mortals only learn wisdom by experiencing tribulation. (p. 556)

Angels

The angels of all orders are distinct personalities and are highly individualized. (p. 285) Angels....are fully cognizant of your moral struggles and spiritual difficulties. They love human beings, and only good can result from your efforts to understand and love them. (p. 419)

Our Divine Destiny

If you are a willing learner, if you want to attain spirit levels and reach divine heights, if you sincerely desire to reach the eternal goal, then the divine Spirit will gently and lovingly lead you along the pathway of sonship and spiritual progress. (p. 381) …They who know that God is enthroned in the human heart are destined to become like him—immortal. (p. 1449) God is not only the determiner of destiny; he is man’s eternal destination. (p. 67)

Family

Almost everything of lasting value in civilization has its roots in the family. (p. 765) The family is man’s greatest purely human achievement. ... (p. 939)

Faith

…Faith will expand the mind, ennoble the soul, reinforce the personality, augment the happiness, deepen the spirit perception, and enhance the power to love and be loved. (p. 1766) “Now, mistake not, my Father will ever respond to the faintest flicker of faith.” (p. 1733)

History/Science

The story of man’s ascent from seaweed to the lordship of earthly creation is indeed a romance of biologic struggle and mind survival. (p. 731) 2,500,000,000 years ago… Urantia was a well developed sphere about one tenth its present mass. … (p. 658) 1,000,000,000 years ago is the date of the actual beginning of Urantia [Earth] history. (p. 660) 450,000,000 years ago the transition from vegetable to animal life occurred. (p. 669) From the year A.D. 1934 back to the birth of the first two human beings is just 993,419 years. (p. 707) About five hundred thousand years ago…there were almost one-half billion primitive human beings on earth. … (p. 741) Adam and Eve arrived on Urantia, from the year A.D. 1934, 37,848 years ago. (p. 828)

From the Inside Flap

What’s Inside?

Parts I and II

God, the inhabited universes, life after death, angels and other beings, the war in heaven.

Part III

The history of the world, science and evolution, Adam and Eve, development of civilization, marriage and family, personal spiritual growth.

Part IV

The life and teachings of Jesus including the missing years. AND MUCH MORE…

Excerpts

God, …God is the source and destiny of all that is good and beautiful and true. (p. 1431) If you truly want to find God, that desire is in itself evidence that you have already found him. (p. 1440) When man goes in partnership with God, great things may, and do, happen. (p. 1467)

The Origin of Human Life, The universe is not an accident... (p. 53) The universe of universes is the work of God and the dwelling place of his diverse creatures. (p. 21) The evolutionary planets are the spheres of human origin…Urantia [Earth] is your starting point. … (p. 1225) In God, man lives, moves, and has his being. (p. 22)

The Purpose of Life, There is in the mind of God a plan which embraces every creature of all his vast domains, and this plan is an eternal purpose of boundless opportunity, unlimited progress, and endless life. (p. 365) This new gospel of the kingdom… presents a new and exalted goal of destiny, a supreme life purpose. (p. 1778)

Jesus, The religion of Jesus is the most dynamic influence ever to activate the human race. (p. 1091) What an awakening the world would experience if it could only see Jesus as he really lived on earth and know, firsthand, his life-giving teachings! (p. 2083)

Science, Science, guided by wisdom, may become man’s great social liberator. (p. 909) Mortal man is not an evolutionary accident. There is a precise system, a universal law, which determines the unfolding of the planetary life plan on the spheres of space. (p. 560)

Life after Death, God’s love is universal… He is “not willing that any should perish.” (p. 39) Your short sojourn on Urantia [Earth]…is only a single link, the very first in the long chain that is to stretch across universes and through the eternal ages. (p. 435) …Death is only the beginning of an endless career of adventure, an everlasting life of anticipation, an eternal voyage of discovery. (p. 159)

About the Author

The text of The Urantia Book was provided by one or more anonymous contributors working with a small staff which provided editorial and administrative support during the book's creation. The book bears no particular credentials (from a human viewpoint), relying instead on the power and beauty of the writing itself to persuade the reader of its authenticity.

Leather Bound: 2097 pages
Publisher: Urantia Foundation; Box Lea edition (August 25, 2015)

Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics

Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics

From bestselling historian and Pulitzer Prize finalist H.W. Brands, a revelatory history of the shocking emergence of vicious political division at the birth of the United States.

To the framers of the Constitution, political parties were a fatal threat to republican virtues. They had suffered the consequences of partisan politics in Britain before the American Revolution, and they wanted nothing similar for America. Yet parties emerged even before the Constitution was ratified, and they took firmer root in the following decade. In Founding Partisans, master historian H. W. Brands has crafted a fresh and lively narrative of the early years of the republic as the Founding Fathers fought one another with competing visions of what our nation would be.

The first party, the Federalists, formed around Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and their efforts to overthrow the Articles of Confederation and make the federal government more robust. Their opponents organized as the Antifederalists, who feared the corruption and encroachments on liberty that a strong central government would surely bring. The Antifederalists lost but regrouped under the new Constitution as the Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson, whose bruising contest against Federalist John Adams marked the climax of this turbulent chapter of American political history.

The country’s first years unfolded in a contentious spiral of ugly elections and blatant violations of the Constitution. Still, peaceful transfers of power continued, and the nascent country made its way towards global dominance, against all odds. Founding Partisans is a powerful reminder that fierce partisanship is a problem as old as the republic.

About the Author

H. W. BRANDS holds the Jack S. Blanton Sr. Chair in History at the University of Texas at Austin. He has written more than a dozen biographies and histories, including The General vs. the President, a New York Times bestseller, and Our First Civil War, his most recent book. Two of his biographies, The First American and Traitor to His Class, were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize.

Hardcover: 464 pages
Publisher: Doubleday (November 7, 2023)

History of Colonial America: A Captivating Guide to the Colonial History of the United States, Puritans, Anne Hutchinson, the Pilgrims, Mayflower, Pequot War, and Quakers (Exploring U.S. History) History of Colonial America

History of Colonial America History of Colonial America

Seven captivating manuscripts in one book:

  • Colonial America: A Captivating Guide to the Colonial History of the United States and How Immigrants of Countries Such as England, Spain, France, and the Netherlands Established Colonies
  • The Puritans: A Captivating Guide to the English Protestants Who Grew Discontent in the Church of England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony on the East Coast of America
  • Anne Hutchinson: A Captivating Guide to the Puritan Leader in Colonial Massachusetts Who Is Considered to Be One of the Earliest American Feminists
  • The Pilgrims: A Captivating Guide to the Passengers on Board the Mayflower Who Founded the Plymouth Colony and Their Relationship with the Native Americans along with Their Legacy in New England
  • The Mayflower: A Captivating Guide to a Cultural Icon in the History of the United States of America and the Pilgrims’ Journey from England to the Establishment of Plymouth Colony
  • The Pequot War: A Captivating Guide to the Armed Conflict in New England between the Pequot People and English Settlers and Its Role in the History of the United States of America
  • The Quakers: A Captivating Guide to a Historically Christian Group and How William Penn Founded the Colony of Pennsylvania in British North America

Paperback: 516 pages
Publisher: Captivating History (January 22, 2022)

America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding

America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding

The Founding of the American Republic is on trial. Critics say it was a poison pill with a time-release formula; we are its victims. Its principles are responsible for the country's moral and social disintegration because they were based on the Enlightenment falsehood of radical individual autonomy.

In this well-researched book, Robert Reilly declares: not guilty. To prove his case, he traces the lineage of the ideas that made the United States, and its ordered liberty, possible. These concepts were extraordinary when they first burst upon the ancient world: the Judaic oneness of God, who creates ex nihilo and imprints his image on man; the Greek rational order of the world based upon the Reason behind it; and the Christian arrival of that Reason (Logos) incarnate in Christ. These may seem a long way from the American Founding, but Reilly argues that they are, in fact, its bedrock. Combined, they mandated the exercise of both freedom and reason.

These concepts were further developed by thinkers in the Middle Ages, who formulated the basic principles of constitutional rule. Why were they later rejected by those claiming the right to absolute rule, then reclaimed by the American Founders, only to be rejected again today? Reilly reveals the underlying drama: the conflict of might makes right versus right makes might. America's decline, he claims, is not to be discovered in the Founding principles, but in their disavowal.

About the Author:

Robert R. Reilly is Director of the Westminster Institute. In his twenty-five years of government service, he served as Special Assistant to the President and as Director of the Voice of America, and he was also Senior Advisor for Information Strategy to the Secretary of Defense, and taught at National Defense University. He attended Georgetown University and the Claremont Graduate University, and he has published widely on American politics and morals, foreign policy, and classical music. His other books include Making Gay Okay: How Rationalizing Homosexual Behavior Is Changing Everything, Surprised by Beauty: A Listener's Guide to the Recovery of Modern Music, and The Closing of the Muslim Mind: How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis.

Hardcover: 384 pages
Publisher: Ignatius Press (April 15, 2020)


#

#

The Constitution For The United States

Its Sources and Its Application

by Thomas James Norton

(Retrieved from archive.org)
The research, work, and dedication
Of
Barefoot Bob Hardison
August 8th, 1933 - January 31st, 2009



TABLE OF CONTENTS

#


Constitutional Convention September 17, 1787 - Signing Members
Constitutional Convention September 17, 1787 - Signing Members
Constitutional Convention September 17, 1787
Signing Members


The Constitution For The United States
Its Sources and Its Application


Contents

Preface
Preamble
Article 1
Article 2
Article 3
Article 4
Article 5
Article 6
Article 7
Ratification
First 12 Amendment Proposals
"Bill of Rights" Amend. I - X
Amend. XI -XXVII
Missing Original 13th Amendment
Letter of Transmittal
Landmark Court - Case Index
Constitution History
A Quiz for Loyal Americans
Index
Constitution 1787
Constitution 1787


Index to Landmark Court Cases
Expounding the Constitution


A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z


A LIST OF THE LEADING CASES EXPOUNDING THE CONSTITUTION,
WITH NOTES INDICATING THE TENOR OF EACH CASE


A


ACCUSED, See Criminal Procedure

ALIEN,
entitled to equal protection as though citizen.
Truax v. Raich (1915), 239 U.S. 33, ref. Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3
naturalization of, may be revoked for disloyalty.
United States v. Herberger (1921), 272 Fed. 278, ref. Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.6

ALIEN CONTRACT LABOR LAW,
held not to exclude minister of gospel.
Church of the Holy Trinity v. United States (1892), 143 U. S. 457, ref. Preamble,Cl.4

AMENDMENT,
cannot be ratified by referendum to people.
Hawke v. Smith (1920), 253 U. S. 221, ref. Art.5,Cl.1
seven-year limitation of ratification of, not extra constitutional.
Dillon v. Gloss (1921), 256 U. S. 368 (374), ref. Amend.,Art.18,Sect.3
XXI gives States power over transportation of liquors unrestricted by Commerce Clause.
State Board of Equalization of California v. Young's Market Co. (1936), 299 U. S. 59, ref. Amend.,Art.21,Sect.2

B


BANK OF UNITED STATES,
Act of Congress creating constitutional.
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), 4 Wheat. 316, ref. Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.20

BANKRUPTCY,
Act of Congress supersedes State insolvency law.
Sturges v. Crowninshield (1819), 4 Wheat. 122, ref. Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.7
debtor imprisoned, released by State but held for debt to Nation.
United States e. Wilson (1823), 8 Wheat. 253, ref. Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.7
State cannot release debt owing to citizen of another State.
Brown v. Smart (1892), 145 U. S. 454, ref. Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.7
State law may release debtor as to future but not past contract.
Ogden v Saunders (1827), 12 Wheat. 132 (213), ref. Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.7

BILL OF ATTAINDER,
in law of West Virginia.
Pierce v. Carskadon (1872), 16 Wall 234, ref. Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.3
in Missouri constitution.
Cummings v. State (1866), 4 Wall 277, ref. Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.3

BILL OF RIGHTS IN PHILIPPINES,
violated by unusual punishment.
Weems v. United States (1910), 217 U. S. 349, ref. Amend.,Art.8,Cl.3

C


CHINESE,
born in United States of permanent resident parents is citizen.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898), 169 U. S. 649, ref. Amend.,Art.14,Cl.1

CITIZENSHIP,
Negro not citizen, therefore without standing in court.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1856), 19 How. 393, ref. Amend.,Art.14,Cl.1
but Fourteenth Amendment made Negro citizen of Nation and State.
Slaughter-House Cases (1872), 16 Wall. 36, ref. Amend.,Art.14,Cl.1

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1875,
in part unconstitutional.
Civil Rights Cases (1883), 109 U. S. 3 (24),
ref.
Art.4,Sect.2,Cl.1,
Amend.,Art.13,Sect.2,
Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4,
Amend.,Art.14,Sect.5

COMMERCE,
defined and explained by Chief Justice Marshall
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), 9 Wheat. 1, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.5
stamp tax on bill of lading of exports unconstitutional.
Fairbank v. United States (1901), 181 U. S. 283, ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.6
State cannot prevent piping oil or gas beyond boundary.
Haskell v. Kansas, etc. (1912), 224 U. S. 217, ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.5

CONFISCATION ACT OF JULY, 1862,
upheld as constitutional.
Bigelow v. Forrest (1869), 9 Wall 339; Day v. Micou (1873), 18 WalL 156; Miller v. United States (1870), 11 Wall. 268, ref Art.3,Sect.3,Cl.4

CONTRACT,
for slave valid when made could not be impaired by State constitution.
White v. Hart (1871), 13 Wall. 646, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2,
See also Dartmouth College Case
State cannot impair, by repudiating its bank notes.
Woodruff v. Trapnall (1850), 10 How. 190, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2
nor by withdrawing tax exemption conferred upon Indian land.
New Jersey v. Wilson (1812), 7 Cranch. 164, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2
not impaired by New York rent law.
Brown v. Feldman (1921), 256 U. S. 170, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2

COPYRIGHT CLAUSE,
does not authorize legislation for trade-marks.
Trade-Mark Cases (1879), 100 U. S. 82, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.12

CORPORATION,
is citizen of State creating it.
Bank of United States v. Deveaux (1809), 5 Cranch. 61, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
not citizen of United States, therefore liberty may be abridged by State.
Western Turf Assoc.v. Greenberg (1907), 204 U. S. 359, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2

COURTS,
can exercise authority only when "case" is brought for relief.
Osborn v. United States Bank (1824), 9 Wheat. 738 (819), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.1
not ousted by war except in area of military operations.
Caldwell v. Parker (1866), 252 U. S. 376), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.12
not subject to review by referendum to people.
People v. Western Union (Colorado, 1921), 198 Pac. 146, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE,
accused not denied confrontation by reading of testimony of deceased witness in former trial.
Robertson v. Baldwin (1897), 165 U. S. 275, ref Amend.,Art.6,Sect.1,Cl.3
dying declaration admissible under Constitution against accused.
Mattox v. United States (1895), 156 U. S. 237, ref Amend.,Art.6,Sect.1,Cl.3
editor cannot be tried for criminal libel in foreign district.
United States v. Smith (1909), 173 Fed. 227, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.13

D


DARTMOUTH COLLEGE CASE,
impairing obligation of contract.
Trustees v. Woodward (1819), 4 Wheat. 463 (518), ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2

DUE PROCESS OF LAW,
defined and explained by Supreme Court.
Murray's Lessee v. Hoboken, etc. (1855), 18 How. 272 (277), ref Amend.,Art.5,Sect.1,Cl.3
denied by excessive fines.
Ex parte Young (1908), 209 U. S. 123, ref Amend.,Art.8,Cl.2
denied by State constitution authorizing referendum on judicial decisions.
People v. Max (Colorado, 1921), 198 Pac. 150, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3

E


EDITOR,
See:
Mail;
Newspaper;
Trial

EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT,
regular and constitutional. National Prohibition Cases (1920),
253 U. S. 350, ref Amend.,Art.18,Sect.1,Cl.1
seven-year limitation for ratification of, valid.
Dillon v. Gloss (1921), 256 U. S. 368 (374), ref Amend.,Art.18,Sect.1,Cl.1

ELECTIONS, CORRUPT PRACTICES IN,
Act not applicable to primaries.
Newberry v. United States (1921), 256 U. S. 232, ref Art.1,Sect.4,Cl.1
United States v. Goodwell (1917), 243 U. S. 476 (489), ref Art.1,Sect.4,Cl.1
Congress may safeguard voters at.
Ex parte Siebold (1879), 100 U. S. 371, ref Art.1,Sect.4,Cl.1

EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION,
supplemented and completed by war Amendments
Slaughter House Cases (1872), 16 Wall. 36 (68), ref Amend.,Art.13,Sect.1,Cl.1

EQUAL PROTECTION,
denied by State law requiring eighty per cent employes be native citizens.
Truax v. Raich (1915), 238 U. S. 33, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
not denied by State law restricting use natural gas only one class.
Walls v Midland (1920), 254 U. S. 300, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4
not denied to Negro by State law requiring separate railway accommodations.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 163 U. S. 537, ref Amend.,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4

EXPORTS,
stamp tax on bill of lading uncostitutional.
Fairbank v. United States (1901), 181 U.S. 283, ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.6

EX POST FACTO,
Act of Congress held to be, and void.
Ex parte Garland (1866), 4 Wall. 333,
ref.
Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.4,
Amend,Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.4
law defined by Supreme Court.
Calder v. Bull (1798), 3 Dallas, 386 (390); Cummings v. Missouri (1866), 4 Wall. 277 (325, 326), ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.4
solitary confinement added to death penalty after act committed unconstitutional as.
Medley, Petitioner (1890), 134 U. S. 160 (171), ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.4

EXTRADITION,
accused hurried from State on legal papers before time to bring habeas corpus not denied constitutional right.
Pettibone v. Nichols (1906), 203 U. S. 192, ref Art.4,Sect.2,Cl.4
nor can one abducted be demanded by asylum State.
Mahan v. Justice (1888), 127 U. S. 700, ref Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.4
trial only on charge in demand in international.
United States v. Rauscher (1886), 119 U. S. 407, ref Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.4
trial on different charge allowed in interstate.
Lascelles v. Georgia (1893), 148 U. S. 537, ref Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.4
provision in Constitution for return of fugitive not mandatory.
Kentucky v. Dennison (1860), 24 How. 66, ref Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.4

F


FARCI LOAN BANK ACT OF 1916,
upheld. Smith v. Kansas City, etc. (1921), 255 U. S. 181, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.5

FIFTH AMENDMENT,
not prohibitive of self-incrimination in State court.
Twining v. New Jersey (1908), 211 U. S. 78, ref Amend,Art.5,Cl.4

FIFTEENTH AMENDMENT,
does not confer suffrage but protects existing right.
United States v. Reese (1875), 92 U. S. 2I4, ref Amend,Art.15,Sect.1,Cl.1
but when "white" remained in State constitution suffrage necessarily conferred.
violated by "Grandfather's Clause" in Amendment of 1910 to constitution of Oklahoma.
Guinn v. United States (1915), 238 U S 347, ref Amend,Art.15,Sect.1,Cl.1
violated by like clause in law of 1908 of Maryland.
Myers v. Anderson (1915), 238 U. S. 368, ref Amend,Art.15,Sect.1,Cl.1

FINES,
excessive, by State may amount to denial of due process.
Ex parte Young (1908), 209 U. S. 123, ref Amend,Art.8,Cl.2
excessive, not prohibited as such to States by Eighth Amendment.
Waters-Pierce etc. v. Texas (1909), 212 U. S. 86; O'Neill v. Vermont (1892), 144 U. S. 323 (332), ref Amend,Art.8,Cl.2

FOOD CONTROL ACT OF 1917,
penal provisions void for indefiniteness.
United States v. Cohen (1921), 255 U. S. 81, ref Amend,Art.6,Cl.2

FOURTEENTH AMENDMENT,
distinguishes between State and National citizenship.
Slaughter-House Cases (1872), 16 Wall. 36 (72), ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
Chinese born in United States of permanent resident parents citizen under.
United States v. Wong Kim Ark (1898), 169 U. S. 649, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
not intended to transfer protection of all civil rights to Nation.
Slaughter-House Cases (1872),16 Wall 36 (77), ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
protects others with liberated Negro.
Buchanan v. Warley (1917), 245 U. S. 60, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
reason for, stated by Supreme Court.
Slaughter-House Cases (1872), 16 Wall. 36 (70), ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
violated by Arizona Initiative Law of 1915 requiring 80 percent employes be native citizens.
Truax v. Raich (1915), 239 U. S. 33, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3
See also:
Citizenship;
Labor;
Woman

FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND PRINTING,
cannot extend to resistance to laws in time of war.
Schenck v. United States (1919), 249 U. S. 47;
Schaefer v. United States (1920), 251 U. S. 466;
Pierce v. United States (1920), 252 U. S 239, ref Amend,Art.1,Sect.1,Cl.2
nor to resistance to Nation in time of war under constitution of Minnesota.
State v. Holm (1918), 139 Minn. 267;167 N. W.181 (1842), 16 Pet. 539, ref Amend,Art.1,Sect.1,Cl.2
nor does it permit incitement to murder or overthrow of government under constitution of New York.
People v. Most (1902),171 N. Y. 423, 64 N. E. 175, ref Amend,Art.1,Sect.1,Cl.2
See also:
Mail;
Newspaper

FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW OF 1793,
was within power of Congress to enact.
Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842), 16 Pet. 539, ref Art.4,Sect.2,Cl.3
See also: SLAVE

G



H


HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
not a court; cannot punish non-member for contempt.
Kilbourn v. Thompson (1880), 103 U. S. 168; Marshall v. Gordon (1917), 243 U. S. 521, ref Art.1,Sect.5,Cl.2

I


INCOME TAX,
Law of 1894 held invalid.
Pollock v. Farmers' Loan etc. (1895),157 U. S. 429, ref Art.1,Sect.2,Cl.5
Law of 1913 upheld; taxing power not extended.
Brushaber v. Union Pacific (1916), 240 U. S. 1, ref Amend,Art.16,Cl.1
salaries of United States judges not subject to.
Evans v. Gore (1920), 253 U. S. 245, ref Amend,Art.16,Cl.2
Foregoing case overruled.
O'Malley v. Woodrough (1939), 307 U. S. 277,
ref.
Art.3,Sect.1,Cl.2,
Amend,Art.16,Cl.2

INDICTMENT,
by grand jury may be dispensed with by State.
Hurtado v. California (1884), 110 U. S. 516, ref Amend,Art.5,Cl.2

INSULAR CASES, See Territory.

J


JUDGES,
salaries of, not taxable as income.
Evans v. Gore (1920), 253 U. S. 245, ref Amend,Art.16,Cl.2
Foregoing case overruled.
O'Malley v. Woodrough (1939), 307 U.S. 277,
ref.
Art.3,Sect.1,Cl.2,
Amend,Art.16,Cl.2

JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT,
cannot interfere with execution of President's power,
Mississippi v. Johnson (1866), 4 Wall. 475, ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6
Georgia v. Stanton (1867), 6 Wall. 50 (57), ref Art.4,Sect.4,Cl.1

JUDICIAL POWER,
can be exercised only when "case" is brought for relief.
Osborn v. United States Bank (1824), 9 Wheat. 738 (819), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.1

JUDICIAL REFERENDUM,
provision in constitution of Colorado for, void.
People v. Western Union (1921), 198 Pac. 146, ref Amend,Art.14,Cl.3

JURY,
change from twelve to eight invalid as to crime committed before State admitted.
Thompson v. Utah (1898), 170 U. S. 343, ref Amend,Art.14,Cl.3
military tribunal cannot displace.
Ex parte Milligan (1866), 4 Wall. 2 (118), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.12
of eight persons not prohibited to State courts.
Maxwell v. Dow (1900), 176 U. S. 581, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3

JURY NULLIFICATION,
the jury has the right to judge both the law and the facts.
Georgia v. Brailsford, 3 Dallas 1, 1794
See also Trial By Jury by Lysander Spooner - (1852).

K



L


LABOR,
age of employe may be limited.
Sturgis v. Beauchamp (1913), 231 U. S. 320, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3
and length of day may be limited.
Atkin v. Kansas (1903), 191 U. S. 207, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
hours of, in mines and smelters may be limited by State.
Holden v. Hardy (1898), 169 U. S. 366, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
hours of, for women may be limited.
Muller v. Oregon (1908), 208 U. S. 412, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3
hours of, for railway employes may be limited.
Wilson v. New (191 f), 043 U. S. 332, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
Law of Oregon of 1916 for ten-hour day upheld.
Bunting v. Oregon (1917), 243 U. S. 426, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
laws requiring employer protect employes against machinery and other dangers held constitutional.
People v. Smith (1896), 108 Mich. 527, 66 N. W. 382 , ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.3
Minimum Wage Act Congress violative Fifth Amendment.
Adkins v. Children's Hospital (1923), 261 U. S. 525, ref Amend,Art.5,Cl.6
Minimum Wage Law for women of Washington valid, overruling Adkins case, above.
West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish (1937), 300 U. S. 379, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2
on public works preference may be given citizen.
Heim v. McCall (1915), 239 U. S. 175, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.2

LEGAL TENDER CASES,
Brownson v. Rodes (1868), 7 Wall. 229; Hepburn v. Griswold (1870), 8 Wall. 603;
Knox v. Lee (1870), 12 Wall. 457; Juilliard v. Greenman (1884), 110 U. S. 421,
ref.
Art.3,Sect.8,Cl.5,
Art.3,Sect.8,Cl.10,
Art.3,Sect.1,Cl.1

M


MAIL,
disloyal newspapers may be excluded from.
Milwaukee Pub. Co.v. Burleson (1921), 255 U. S. 407,ref Amend,Art.1,Cl.2
lotteries may be excluded from.
Ex parte Jackson (1877), 96 U. S. 727; In re Rapier (1892), 143 U. S. 110,
ref.
Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.12,
Amend,Art.1,Cl.2

MIGRATORY BIRD CASE,
showing supremacy of treaty.
Missouri v. Holland (1920), 252 U. S. 416,ref Art.6,Cl.2, Amend,Art.10,Cl.1

MILITARY COURT,
unconstitutional when not in war area.
Ex parte Milligan (1866), 4 Wall. 2 (118), ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6, Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.12

MILITIA,
calling of, determined by President.
Houston v. Moore (1820), 5 Wheat. 1 (37), ref Art.2,Sect.2,Cl.1

MONEY,
Gold contract against public interest; devaluation of dollar legal. Gold Clause Case,
Norman v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Co. (1935) 294 U. S. 240, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.9

N


NATION,
cannot take private property without just compensation.
United States v. Lee (1882), 106 U. S. 196,ref Amend,Art.5,Cl.5
cannot invade domain of State police power.
Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), 247 U. S. 251,ref Amend,Art.7,Cl.1

NATIONAL COURTS,
need of, stated by Chief Justice Marshall.
Bank of United States v. Deveaux (1809), 5 Cranch. 61 (87), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.1
State cannot tie up non-resident in its own courts.
Prentis v. Atlantic etc. (1908), 211 U. S. 210, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.7

NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY ACT,
violative of Commerce Clause as regulation local production; also against Tenth Amendment.
Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States (1935), 295 U. S. 495, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.6

NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS ACT,
valid legislation under Commerce Clause in protection of labor.
National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel Co. (1937); 301 U. S. 1, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.6

NATIONAL OFFICERS,
triable in Federal not State court for act committed in line of duty.
In re Neagle (1890), 135 U. S. 1, ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6

NATIONAL PROHIBITION CASES, (1920) ,
253 U. S. 350, ref Art.5,Cl.1

NATURALIZATION,
may be revoked for disloyal utterances.
United States v. Herberger (1921), 272 Fed. 278, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.8

NEGRO,
cannot be excluded by ordinance from city block occupied by whites.
Buchanan v. Warley (1917), 245 U. S. 60, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4
such restriction valid when condition in deed.
Los Angeles v. Gary (1920), 181 Calif. 680, 186 Pac. 596, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4
not denied equal protection by State law requiring separate railway accommodations.
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), 163 U. S. 537, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4
See also:
Fifteenth Amendment;
Fourteenth Amendment;
Thirteenth Amendment

NEWSPAPER,
violating National Defense Act excluded from mail.
Milwaukee Pub. Co. v. Burleson (1921), 255 U. S. 407, ref Amend,Art.1,Cl.2

O



P


PARDON,
President's power of, beyond control of Congress.
The Laura (1885), 114 U. S. 411 (413), ref Art.2,Sect.2,Cl.3

PATENT,
to inventor of grain reaping machine,
Seymour v. McCorrnick (1853), 16 How. 480, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.13
to inventor of magnetic telegraph,
O'Reilly v. Morse (1853), 15 How. 62, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.13

PATENTEE,
cannot control price after sale by him.
Boston Store v. American Graphophone (1918), 246 U. S. 8, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.12

POLICE POWER,
State may extend, to damage or destruction of property.
Mugler v. Kansas (1887), 123 U. S. 623, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.5

POLYGAMY,
suppression of, not interference with religious freedom.
Mormon Church v. United States (1890), 136 U. S. 1 (49), ref Amend,Art.1,Cl.1

POWER RESERVED BY STATES,
Chicago etc. v. McGuire (1911), 219 U. S. 549, ref Amend,Art.10,Cl.1
Gordon v. United States (1864), 117 U S. 697 (703), ref Amend,Art.10,Cl.1

PREAMBLE,
although indicating general purpose not source of power.
Jacobson v. Massachusetts (1905), 197 U. S. 11 (22), ref Art.1,Sect.1,Cl.1

PRESIDENT,
courts will not restrain execution of powers of.
Mississippi v. Johnson (1866), 4 Wall. 475, ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6
Georgia v. Stanton (1867), 6 Wall. 50 (57), ref Art.2,Sect.4,Cl.1
enforces, but cannot make laws.
Ex parte Milligan (1866), 4 Wall. 2 (118), ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6

PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES,
of citizens defined.
Corfield v. Coryell (1823), 4 Wash. CC. 371; Slaughter-House Cases (1872), 16 Wall. 36 (76), ref Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.3, ref Amend,Art.14,Cl.2
abridged by State constitution requiring 80 per cent native employes in mines and smelters.
Truax v. Raich (1915), 239 U S 33, ref Amend,Art.14,Cl.3

PROPERTY DEVOTED TO PUBLIC USE,
public acquire interest in.
Munn v. Illinois (1876), 94 U. S. 113, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2

PROPERTY TAKEN FOR PUBLIC USE,
just compensation necessary for.
United States v. Lee (1882), 106 U. S. 196, ref Amend,Art.5,Cl.6

PUBLIC POLICY OF STATE,
when against full faith and credit.
Andrews v. Andrews (1903), 188 U. S. 14, ref Art.4,Sect.1,Cl.1

PUNISHMENT,
by excessive fines unconstitutional
State v. Ross (1910), 55 Ore. 450, 106 Pac. 1022, ref Amend,Art.8,Cl.3
electrocution not cruel.
Malloy v. South Carolina (1915), 237 U.S.180, ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.4
under State law debarring accused from occupation unusual and therefore unconstitutional.
People v. Haug (1888), 68 Mich. 349, ref Amend,Art.8,Cl.2
See also:
Bill of Rights.

Q



R


RATIFICATION,
referendum cannot be used in, of amendment.
National Prohibition Cases (1920), 253 U. S. 350, ref Art.5,Cl.1
State cannot revoke.
Opinion of the Justices (Maine, 1919), 118 Me, 544, 107 Atl. 673ref Art.5,Cl.1
time limit for, of Eighteenth Amendment valid.
Dillon v. Gloss (1921), 256 U. S. 368, ref Amend,Art.18,Cl.2

RELATIONS BETWEEN THE STATES,
chief purpose of adoption of Constitution to bring about harmonious. Ableman v. Booth (1858), 21 How. 506 (517), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.7

RELIGIOUS FREEDOM,
not justification for polygamy.
Mormon Church v. United States (1890), 136 U. S, 1 (49), ref Amend,Art.1,Cl.1

RENT,
regulating law of New York upheld as not taking property.
Brown Company v. Feldman (1921), 256 U. S. 170, ref Art.1,Sect.10,Cl.2

REPUBLICAN FORM OF GOVERNMENT,
what constitutes, a political not a judicial question.
Luther v. Borden (1848), 7 How. 1; Georgia v. Stanton (1867), 6 Wall.50 (57); Pacific States etc. v. Oregon (1912), 223 U. S. 118, ref Art.4,Sect.4,Cl.1

S


SEARCH AND SEIZURE,
Act of Congress requiring private books and papers in evidence void.
Boyd v. United States (1886), 116 U. S. 616, ref Amend,Art.4,Cl.1
information gained by illegal seizure of books cannot support later demand.
Silverthorne etc. v. United States (1920), 251 U. S. 385, ref Amend,Art.4,Cl.1
mail can be opened by Government only in accordance with Constitution.
Ex parte Jackson (1877), 96 U. S. 727, ref Amend,Art.1,Cl.2
must conform strictly to constitutional requirements.
Gouled v. United States (1921), 255 U. S. 298; Amos v. United States (1921), 255 U. S. 313, ref Amend,Art.5,Cl.5

SELF-INCRIMINATION,
See Fifth Amendment

SLAVE,
taken to England became a free man.
Somerset's Case (1772),Lofft's Report, 1; 20 Howell's State Trials, 79, ref Art.4,Sect.2,Cl.3
See also Fugitive Slave Law.

SOCIAL SECURITY ACT,
Act of Congress levying percentage taxes on employer according to annual earnings employe; and making appropriations to States in aid unemployment administration, valid under General Welfare Clause.
Steward Machine Co. v. Davis, Collector of Internal Revenue (1937), 301 U. S. 548, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.3

SOLITARY CONFINEMENT,
added to death penalty after act committed unconstitutional as ex post facto.
Medley, Petitioner (1890), 134 U. S. 160 (171), ref Art.1,Sect.9,Cl.4

STATE,
boundaries and other controversies between States made justiciable by Constitution.
Florida v. Georgia (1854), 17 How. 478 (494); Rhode Island v. Massachusetts (1838), 12 Pet. 657 (720), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.5
cannot prevent citizen from using National courts.
Prentis v. Atlantic etc. (1908), 211 U. S. 210 (228), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.7
cannot release National prisoner by habeas corpus.
Ableman v. Booth (1858), 21 How. 506, ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6, Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.7
cannot require detour interstate train over branch line already served.
St. Louis etc. v. Public Ser. Com. (1921), 254 U. S. 535, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.6
cannot sue Nation when consent not given.
Kansas v. United States (1907), 204 U. S. 331, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.4
cannot try National officer for act committed in line of duty.
In re Neagle (1890), 135 U. S. 1, ref Art.2,Sect.3,Cl.6
cannot be sued without its consent.
Smith v. Reeves (1900), 178 U. S. 436, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.6

STATE PRIDE,
not offended by National sovereignty.
Ableman v. Booth (1858), 21 How. 506 (524), ref Art.6,Cl.2, Art.6,Cl.4

SUIT,
against State maintainable by citizen of another State.
Chisholm v. Georgia (1793), 2 Dallas, 419, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.6
but not since adoption of Eleventh Amendment.
Hollingsworth v. Virginia (1798), 3 Dallas, 378, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.6

SUPREME COURT,
has original jurisdiction of controversies between States.
Kansas v. Colorado (1907), 206 U. S. 46; Missouri v. Illinois etc. (1906), 200 U. S. 496, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.5
States have bound themselves to submit to decisions of.
Ableman v. Booth (1858), 21 How. 506 (519), ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.5, Art.6,Cl.4

SUPREME LAW,
Constitution invalidates all conflicting laws.
National Prohibition cases (1920), 253 U. S. 350, ref Art.6,Cl.2
Treaty is, prevailing over States.
Missouri v. Holland (1920), 252 U. S. 416, ref Art.6,Cl.2

SYNDICALISM,
Act of Oregon (1933) invalid as making crime of peaceable assembly for lawful discussion.
De Jonge v. Oregon (1937), 299 U S 353, ref Amend,Art.1,Cl.3

T


TENURE OF OFFICE ACT,
and repeal discussed by Supreme Court.
Parsons v. United States (1897), 167 U. S. 324 ref Art.1,Sect.2,Cl.12

TERRITORY,
new, comes in only by Act of Congress.
Insular Cases, 182 U. S. 1; 183 U. S. 176; 190 U. S. 197; 195 U. S. 138; 197 U. S. 516, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.16

THIRTEENTH AMENDMENT,
denounces all personal servitudes as well as slavery.
Slaughter-House Cases (1872), 16 Wall 36, ref Amend,Art.13,Sect.1,Cl.1
not violated by law for compulsory work on roads
Butler v. Perry (1916), 240 U. S. 328, ref Amend,Art.13,Sect.1,Cl.1
profound effect of, stated by Court.
United States v. Rhodes (1866), 27 Federal Cases No. 16151, ref Amend,Art.13,Sect.1,Cl.1
violated by law making criminal a refusal to perform contract to labor.
Bailey v. Alabama (1911), 219 U. S. 219, ref Amend,Art.13,Sect.1,Cl.1
violated by State law requiring one convicted to work out fine for bondsman.
United States v. Reynolds (1914), 235 U. S. 133, ref Amend,Art.13,Sect.1,Cl.1

TRADE-MARK,
legislation not authorized by Copyright clause.
Trade-Mark Cases (1879), 100 U. S. 82, ref Art.1,Sect.8,Cl.16

TREATY,
is supreme law prevailing over States.
Missouri v. Holland (1920), 252 U. S. 416, ref Art.6,Cl.2, Amend,Art.10,Cl.1

TREASON,
and overt act discussed by Chief Justice Marshall.
United States v. Burr 1807), 25 Federal Cases Nos. 14692 et seq., ref Art.3,Sect.3,Cl.1

TRIAL,
editor cannot be taken to distant district for.
United States v. Smith (1909), 173 Fed. 227, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.13
leader of insurrection may be imprisoned without.
Moyer v. Peabody (1909), 212 U. S. 78 (84), ref Amend,Art.6,Cl.1

U


UNITED STATES,
cannot be sued without its consent.
Louisiana v. McAdoo (1914), 234 U.S.627, ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.4

V


VOTE,
right to, comes from State; protection to, from Nation.
Minor v. Happersett (1874), 21 Wall. 162, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
United States v. Cruikshank (1875), 92 U. S. 542 (556), ref Amend,Art.15,Sect.1,Cl.1

W


WAR,
does not oust courts except in area of military occupation.
Caldwell v. Parker (1920), 252 U. S. 376ref Art.3,Sect.2,Cl.12

WOMAN,
did not receive privilege of voting through Fourteenth Amendment.
Minor v. Happersett (1874), 21 Wall 162, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1
marrying alien loses citizenship although remaining a resident.
Mackenzie v. Hare (1915), 239 U. S. 299, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.1

WORKMEN'S COMPENSATION LAW,
of State need not give jury trial.
Hanna v. Bleakly (1917), 243 U. S. 210; New York Central etc. v. White (1917), 243 U. S. 188, ref Amend,Art.7,Cl.1

WYOMING,
law of, conserving natural gas not denial of equal protection.
Walla v. Midland (1920), 254 U. S. 300, ref Amend,Art.14,Sect.1,Cl.4

X



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Disclaimer

Disclaimer:
Some material presented will contain links, quotes, ideologies, etc., the contents of which should be understood to first, in their whole, reflect the views or opinions of their editors, and second, are used in my personal research as "fair use" sources only, and not espousement one way or the other. Researching for 'truth' leads one all over the place...a piece here, a piece there. As a researcher, I hunt, gather and disassemble resources, trying to put all the pieces into a coherent and logical whole. I encourage you to do the same. And please remember, these pages are only my effort to collect all the pieces I can find and see if they properly fit into the 'reality aggregate'.

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Personal Position:
I've come to realize that 'truth' boils down to what we 'believe' the facts we've gathered point to. We only 'know' what we've 'experienced' firsthand. Everything else - what we read, what we watch, what we hear - is what someone else's gathered facts point to and 'they' 'believe' is 'truth', so that 'truth' seems to change in direct proportion to newly gathered facts divided by applied plausibility. Though I believe there is 'truth', until someone representing the celestial realm visibly appears and presents the heavenly records of Facts And Lies In The Order They Happened, I can't know for sure exactly what "the whole truth' on any given subject is, and what applies to me applies to everyone. Until then I'll continue to ask, "what does The Urantia Book say on the subject?"
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Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition) Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition)

Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition) Founding Documents of the United States of America (Deluxe Library Edition)

The Founding Documents of the United States of America includes the Constitution of the United States, the Declaration of Independence, the Bill of Rights, all Amendments to the Constitution, The Federalist Papers by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, and Common Sense by Thomas Paine.

The Federalist Papers is a collection of 85 articles and essays written under the pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the United States Constitution. The Federalist Papers are notable for their opposition to what later became the United States Bill of Rights. The idea of adding a Bill of Rights to the Constitution was originally controversial because the Constitution, as written, did not specifically enumerate or protect the rights of the people, rather it listed the powers of the government and left all that remained to the states and the people. Alexander Hamilton, the author of Federalist No. 84, feared that such an enumeration, once written down explicitly, would later be interpreted as a list of the only rights that people had.

Common Sense was a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies. Writing in clear and persuasive prose, Paine marshaled moral and political arguments to encourage common people in the Colonies to fight for egalitarian government. It was published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution, and became an immediate sensation.

About the Authors

Alexander Hamilton (January 11, 1755 or 1757 - July 12, 1804) was an American statesman, politician, legal scholar, military commander, lawyer, banker, and economist. He was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was an influential interpreter and promoter of the U.S. Constitution, as well as the founder of the nation's financial system, the Federalist Party, the United States Coast Guard, and the New York Post newspaper. His vision included a strong central government led by a vigorous executive branch, a strong commercial economy, national banks, support for manufacturing, and a strong military.

James Madison (March 16, 1751 - June 28, 1836) was an American statesman, diplomat, expansionist, philosopher and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817. He is hailed as the "Father of the Constitution" for his pivotal role in drafting and promoting the Constitution of the United States and the United States Bill of Rights. He co-wrote The Federalist Papers, co-founded the Democratic-Republican Party, and served as the fifth United States secretary of State from 1801 to 1809.

Thomas Paine (February 9, 1737 - June 8, 1809) was an English-born American political activist, philosopher, political theorist, and revolutionary. He authored the two most influential pamphlets at the start of the American Revolution and inspired the patriots in 1776 to declare independence from Great Britain. His ideas reflected Enlightenment-era ideals of transnational human rights. Born in Thetford in the English county of Norfolk, Paine migrated to the British American colonies in 1774 with the help of Benjamin Franklin, arriving just in time to participate in the American Revolution. Virtually every rebel read (or listened to a reading of) his powerful pamphlet Common Sense (1776), which crystallized the rebellious demand for independence from Great Britain. Common Sense was so influential that John Adams said: "Without the pen of the author of Common Sense, the sword of Washington would have been raised in vain". Paine lived in France for most of the 1790s, becoming deeply involved in the French Revolution. The British government, worried by the possibility that the French Revolution might spread to England, had begun suppressing works that espoused radical philosophies. Paine's work, which advocated the right of the people to overthrow their government, was duly targeted, with a writ for his arrest issued in early 1792. Paine fled to France in September where, despite not being able to speak French, he was quickly elected to the French National Convention. The Girondists regarded him as an ally. Consequently, the Montagnards, especially Maximilien Robespierre, regarded him as an enemy. In December 1793, he was arrested and was taken to Luxembourg Prison in Paris. While in prison, he continued to work on The Age of Reason (1793-1794). James Monroe, a future President of the United States, used his diplomatic connections to get Paine released in November 1794. In 1802, he returned to the U.S. where he died on June 8, 1809.

Hardcover: 600 pages
Publisher: Engage Classics (February 2, 2021)

Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty

Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty Founding Fathers: The Fight for Freedom and the Birth of American Liberty

Kostyal tells the story of the great American heroes who created the Declaration of Independence, fought the American Revolution, shaped the US Constitution--and changed the world. The era's dramatic events, from the riotous streets in Boston to the unlikely victory at Saratoga, are punctuated with lavishly illustrated biographies of the key founders--Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, Ben Franklin, Thomas Paine, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and James Madison--who shaped the very idea of America. An introduction and ten expertly-rendered National Geographic maps round out this ideal gift for history buff and student alike. Filled with beautiful illustrations, maps, and inspired accounts from the men and women who made America, Founding Fathers brings the birth of the new nation to light.

About the Author

K. M. KOSTYAL is a longtime writer for National Geographic. She has authored books on a wide range of subjects, including war heroes and child survivors of war. The author of Abraham Lincoln's Extraordinary Era, a former senior editor at National Geographic magazine and National Geographic Books, and a contributor to National Geographic Traveler, Kostyal is the recipient of two Lowell Thomas Awards.

Hardcover: 352 pages
Publisher: National Geographic; First Edition (October 28, 2014)

Documenting America: Making The Constitution Documenting America: Making The Constitution

Documenting America: Making The Constitution Documenting America: Making The Constitution

The development of the U.S, Constitution, in response to the failing Articles of Confederation, happened in a few years following the Revolution. This book looks at a number of key documents from those years: analysis of the problem, pre-Convention debates, the Convention deliberations, post-Convention debates in the press and in State conventions, and the Bill of Rights. The discussions of those days are then tied to an issue we still deal with in the 21st Century.

About the Author

David A. Todd is a civil engineer by profession, and a writer by passion. His interests include history (especially American history), politics, and genealogy. He writes novels in multiple genres, non-fiction books in USA history, poetry, and Bible studies. A native Rhode Islander, he has lived in Kansas City, Saudi Arabia, North Carolina, Kuwait, and Arkansas since 1991.

His engineering career has been in consulting civil engineering, primarily in public infrastructure. He had written articles for six different print publications and three on line publications on the subject of infrastructure, flood control, and construction contracting.

Paperback: 265 pages
Publisher: Independently published (September 10, 2019)

The Urantia Book The Urantia Book
The Urantia Book The Urantia Book

Love

Love is truly contagious and eternally creative. (p. 2018) “Devote your life to proving that love is the greatest thing in the world.” (p. 2047) “Love is the ancestor of all spiritual goodness, the essence of the true and the beautiful.” (p. 2047) The Father’s love can become real to mortal man only by passing through that man’s personality as he in turn bestows this love upon his fellows. (p. 1289) The secret of a better civilization is bound up in the Master’s teachings of the brotherhood of man, the good will of love and mutual trust. (p. 2065)

Prayer

Prayer is not a technique of escape from conflict but rather a stimulus to growth in the very face of conflict. (p. 1002) The sincerity of any prayer is the assurance of its being heard. … (p. 1639) God answers man’s prayer by giving him an increased revelation of truth, an enhanced appreciation of beauty, and an augmented concept of goodness. (p. 1002) …Never forget that the sincere prayer of faith is a mighty force for the promotion of personal happiness, individual self-control, social harmony, moral progress, and spiritual attainment. (p. 999)

Suffering

There is a great and glorious purpose in the march of the universes through space. All of your mortal struggling is not in vain. (p. 364) Mortals only learn wisdom by experiencing tribulation. (p. 556)

Angels

The angels of all orders are distinct personalities and are highly individualized. (p. 285) Angels....are fully cognizant of your moral struggles and spiritual difficulties. They love human beings, and only good can result from your efforts to understand and love them. (p. 419)

Our Divine Destiny

If you are a willing learner, if you want to attain spirit levels and reach divine heights, if you sincerely desire to reach the eternal goal, then the divine Spirit will gently and lovingly lead you along the pathway of sonship and spiritual progress. (p. 381) …They who know that God is enthroned in the human heart are destined to become like him—immortal. (p. 1449) God is not only the determiner of destiny; he is man’s eternal destination. (p. 67)

Family

Almost everything of lasting value in civilization has its roots in the family. (p. 765) The family is man’s greatest purely human achievement. ... (p. 939)

Faith

…Faith will expand the mind, ennoble the soul, reinforce the personality, augment the happiness, deepen the spirit perception, and enhance the power to love and be loved. (p. 1766) “Now, mistake not, my Father will ever respond to the faintest flicker of faith.” (p. 1733)

History/Science

The story of man’s ascent from seaweed to the lordship of earthly creation is indeed a romance of biologic struggle and mind survival. (p. 731) 2,500,000,000 years ago… Urantia was a well developed sphere about one tenth its present mass. … (p. 658) 1,000,000,000 years ago is the date of the actual beginning of Urantia [Earth] history. (p. 660) 450,000,000 years ago the transition from vegetable to animal life occurred. (p. 669) From the year A.D. 1934 back to the birth of the first two human beings is just 993,419 years. (p. 707) About five hundred thousand years ago…there were almost one-half billion primitive human beings on earth. … (p. 741) Adam and Eve arrived on Urantia, from the year A.D. 1934, 37,848 years ago. (p. 828)

From the Inside Flap

What’s Inside?

Parts I and II

God, the inhabited universes, life after death, angels and other beings, the war in heaven.

Part III

The history of the world, science and evolution, Adam and Eve, development of civilization, marriage and family, personal spiritual growth.

Part IV

The life and teachings of Jesus including the missing years. AND MUCH MORE…

Excerpts

God, …God is the source and destiny of all that is good and beautiful and true. (p. 1431) If you truly want to find God, that desire is in itself evidence that you have already found him. (p. 1440) When man goes in partnership with God, great things may, and do, happen. (p. 1467)

The Origin of Human Life, The universe is not an accident... (p. 53) The universe of universes is the work of God and the dwelling place of his diverse creatures. (p. 21) The evolutionary planets are the spheres of human origin…Urantia [Earth] is your starting point. … (p. 1225) In God, man lives, moves, and has his being. (p. 22)

The Purpose of Life, There is in the mind of God a plan which embraces every creature of all his vast domains, and this plan is an eternal purpose of boundless opportunity, unlimited progress, and endless life. (p. 365) This new gospel of the kingdom… presents a new and exalted goal of destiny, a supreme life purpose. (p. 1778)

Jesus, The religion of Jesus is the most dynamic influence ever to activate the human race. (p. 1091) What an awakening the world would experience if it could only see Jesus as he really lived on earth and know, firsthand, his life-giving teachings! (p. 2083)

Science, Science, guided by wisdom, may become man’s great social liberator. (p. 909) Mortal man is not an evolutionary accident. There is a precise system, a universal law, which determines the unfolding of the planetary life plan on the spheres of space. (p. 560)

Life after Death, God’s love is universal… He is “not willing that any should perish.” (p. 39) Your short sojourn on Urantia [Earth]…is only a single link, the very first in the long chain that is to stretch across universes and through the eternal ages. (p. 435) …Death is only the beginning of an endless career of adventure, an everlasting life of anticipation, an eternal voyage of discovery. (p. 159)

About the Author

The text of The Urantia Book was provided by one or more anonymous contributors working with a small staff which provided editorial and administrative support during the book's creation. The book bears no particular credentials (from a human viewpoint), relying instead on the power and beauty of the writing itself to persuade the reader of its authenticity.

Leather Bound: 2097 pages
Publisher: Urantia Foundation; Box Lea edition (August 25, 2015)

Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics

Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics Founding Partisans: Hamilton, Madison, Jefferson, Adams and the Brawling Birth of American Politics

From bestselling historian and Pulitzer Prize finalist H.W. Brands, a revelatory history of the shocking emergence of vicious political division at the birth of the United States.

To the framers of the Constitution, political parties were a fatal threat to republican virtues. They had suffered the consequences of partisan politics in Britain before the American Revolution, and they wanted nothing similar for America. Yet parties emerged even before the Constitution was ratified, and they took firmer root in the following decade. In Founding Partisans, master historian H. W. Brands has crafted a fresh and lively narrative of the early years of the republic as the Founding Fathers fought one another with competing visions of what our nation would be.

The first party, the Federalists, formed around Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and their efforts to overthrow the Articles of Confederation and make the federal government more robust. Their opponents organized as the Antifederalists, who feared the corruption and encroachments on liberty that a strong central government would surely bring. The Antifederalists lost but regrouped under the new Constitution as the Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson, whose bruising contest against Federalist John Adams marked the climax of this turbulent chapter of American political history.

The country’s first years unfolded in a contentious spiral of ugly elections and blatant violations of the Constitution. Still, peaceful transfers of power continued, and the nascent country made its way towards global dominance, against all odds. Founding Partisans is a powerful reminder that fierce partisanship is a problem as old as the republic.

About the Author

H. W. BRANDS holds the Jack S. Blanton Sr. Chair in History at the University of Texas at Austin. He has written more than a dozen biographies and histories, including The General vs. the President, a New York Times bestseller, and Our First Civil War, his most recent book. Two of his biographies, The First American and Traitor to His Class, were finalists for the Pulitzer Prize.

Hardcover: 464 pages
Publisher: Doubleday (November 7, 2023)

History of Colonial America: A Captivating Guide to the Colonial History of the United States, Puritans, Anne Hutchinson, the Pilgrims, Mayflower, Pequot War, and Quakers (Exploring U.S. History) History of Colonial America

History of Colonial America History of Colonial America

Seven captivating manuscripts in one book:

  • Colonial America: A Captivating Guide to the Colonial History of the United States and How Immigrants of Countries Such as England, Spain, France, and the Netherlands Established Colonies
  • The Puritans: A Captivating Guide to the English Protestants Who Grew Discontent in the Church of England and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony on the East Coast of America
  • Anne Hutchinson: A Captivating Guide to the Puritan Leader in Colonial Massachusetts Who Is Considered to Be One of the Earliest American Feminists
  • The Pilgrims: A Captivating Guide to the Passengers on Board the Mayflower Who Founded the Plymouth Colony and Their Relationship with the Native Americans along with Their Legacy in New England
  • The Mayflower: A Captivating Guide to a Cultural Icon in the History of the United States of America and the Pilgrims’ Journey from England to the Establishment of Plymouth Colony
  • The Pequot War: A Captivating Guide to the Armed Conflict in New England between the Pequot People and English Settlers and Its Role in the History of the United States of America
  • The Quakers: A Captivating Guide to a Historically Christian Group and How William Penn Founded the Colony of Pennsylvania in British North America

Paperback: 516 pages
Publisher: Captivating History (January 22, 2022)

America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding

America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding America on Trial: A Defense of the Founding

The Founding of the American Republic is on trial. Critics say it was a poison pill with a time-release formula; we are its victims. Its principles are responsible for the country's moral and social disintegration because they were based on the Enlightenment falsehood of radical individual autonomy.

In this well-researched book, Robert Reilly declares: not guilty. To prove his case, he traces the lineage of the ideas that made the United States, and its ordered liberty, possible. These concepts were extraordinary when they first burst upon the ancient world: the Judaic oneness of God, who creates ex nihilo and imprints his image on man; the Greek rational order of the world based upon the Reason behind it; and the Christian arrival of that Reason (Logos) incarnate in Christ. These may seem a long way from the American Founding, but Reilly argues that they are, in fact, its bedrock. Combined, they mandated the exercise of both freedom and reason.

These concepts were further developed by thinkers in the Middle Ages, who formulated the basic principles of constitutional rule. Why were they later rejected by those claiming the right to absolute rule, then reclaimed by the American Founders, only to be rejected again today? Reilly reveals the underlying drama: the conflict of might makes right versus right makes might. America's decline, he claims, is not to be discovered in the Founding principles, but in their disavowal.

About the Author:

Robert R. Reilly is Director of the Westminster Institute. In his twenty-five years of government service, he served as Special Assistant to the President and as Director of the Voice of America, and he was also Senior Advisor for Information Strategy to the Secretary of Defense, and taught at National Defense University. He attended Georgetown University and the Claremont Graduate University, and he has published widely on American politics and morals, foreign policy, and classical music. His other books include Making Gay Okay: How Rationalizing Homosexual Behavior Is Changing Everything, Surprised by Beauty: A Listener's Guide to the Recovery of Modern Music, and The Closing of the Muslim Mind: How Intellectual Suicide Created the Modern Islamist Crisis.

Hardcover: 384 pages
Publisher: Ignatius Press (April 15, 2020)


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