The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament, Volume Two
Of all the books left out of the Bible, only the Apocrypha rivals the Pseudepigrapha in popularity and importance. This edition of the Pseudepigrapha was edited by R. H. Charles and was the definitive critical edition for over 70 years.
Paperback: 800 pages
Publisher: Apocryphile Press (November 1, 2004)
Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps, and Time Lines
NEW Anniversary Edition of Rose Book of Bible Charts, Maps and Timelines, Volume 1 covers over 200 Bible topics and features MORE pages, 6 EXTRA topics, updated information, and a bonus 24' fold-out on Jesus' Family Tree.
The #1 Bible Reference book celebrates its 10th anniversary with an updated 230-page edition that features more Bible maps, charts and illustrations than the original! This stunning, easy-to-understand reference book still provides the same full-color, REPRODUCIBLE Bible charts and overviews that made the original a favorite, but in an easier-to-use, updated format!
Plus! It includes over 37 ADDED pages of ALL NEW content on popular Bible topics, including Psalm 23, Lord's Prayer, the 12 Tribes of Israel, and more!
Features ALL NEW content and Updated Information, such as:
- 6 NEW pamphlets on popular Bible topics, including Psalms 23, Lord's Prayer, Twelve Tribes of Israel, and more.
- Bonus 24' foldout of the genealogy of Jesus!
- Our 4 bestselling 'Then and Now Bible Maps' that show where Bible places are located today.
- And More!
Features more than 200 REPRODUCIBLE Bible Charts, Maps, and Timelines, including:
2 Bible Foldout Posters: Bible Time Line and Jesus' Genealogy
- NEW! Jesus' Genealogy 24' Foldout!
- Bible Time Line 24'
Overviews on Popular Old Testament Topics
- NEW! Psalm 23
- Tabernacle
- Ark of the Covenant
- Archaeology & the Bible (50 Proofs of the Old Testament
- Solomon's Temple
- Names of God
- The Ten Commandments and You
- 100 Well-Known Old Testament Events
- The Creation
- The Exodus
Overviews on Key Old Testament Topics
- NEW! The 12 Tribes of Israel
- Kings and Prophets
- Family Tree of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob
- The Judges
- Feasts & Holidays of the Bible
- Archaeology & The Bible (50 Proofs of the New Testament)
Overviews on Popular New Testament Topics
- NEW! The Lord's Prayer
- NEW! Essential Christian Doctrine
- NEW! Heroes of the Faith: Hebrews 11
- The Twelve Disciples
- 1 Corinthians 13: The Love Chapter
- The Armor of God
- The Fruit of the Spirit
- 100 Well-Known Events from Acts to Revelation
Overviews of Jesus' Life and Teachings
- Jesus & The Names of God
- The Genealogy of Jesus Christ
- Events in the Life of Jesus
- Miracles of Jesus
- Parables of Jesus
- The Beatitudes from the Sermon on the Mount
- Evidence for the Resurrection
Bible Overview: Books of the Bible and Key Bible Stories
- NEW! 52 Key Bible Stories
- 100 Well-Known People in the Bible
- 100 Well-Known Prayers in the Bible
- Books of the Bible
- Bible Overview Old Testament
- Bible Overview New Testament
- UPDATED! Table of Biblical Weights and Measures
- 100 Proofs for the Bible
Christian History
- How We Got the Bible
- Christian History Time Line
Charts Comparing Christianity to Islam and 20 Other World Religions
- UPDATED! Islam and Christianity
- UPDATED! Christianity, Cults and Religions pamphlet
And so much more!
Paperback: 230 pages
Publisher: Rose Publishing; 10th Anniversary edition (March 13, 2015)
Amazon.com Review
"J," "P," "E," and "D" are the names scholars have given to some authors of the Bible, and, as such, they are very important letters to a lot of people. Churches have died and been born, and millions of people have lost faith or found it, because of the last two centuries of debate about who, exactly, wrote the canonical texts of Christianity and Judaism. Richard Elliott Friedman's survey of this debate, in Who Wrote the Bible?, may be the best written popular book about this question. Without condescension or high-flown academic language, Friedman carefully describes the history of textual criticism of the Bible--a subject on which his authority is unparalleled (Friedman has contributed voluminously to the authoritative Anchor Bible Dictionary). But this book is not just smart. Perhaps even more impressive than Friedman's erudition is his sensitivity to the power of textual criticism to influence faith. --Michael Joseph Gross
Review
A contemporary classic that is a "thought-provoking [and] perceptive guide [to the Bible's authorship]."--"New York Times Book Review"
"Brilliantly presented: There is no other book like this one. It may well be unique."--"Los Angeles Times"
"Remarkable. Friedman has written that most rare of books: a legitimate intellectual contribution that is also a good read. The field of biblical studies will be enriched by this book."--"Dallas Times Herald"
"It is an event to have a book as readable and exciting as "Who Wrote the Bible? "It has about it the resounding smack of solid truth."--"Harvard Magazine"
Paperback: 304 pages
Publisher: HarperOne; Reprint edition (March 21, 1997)
Love
Love is truly contagious and eternally creative. (p. 2018) “Devote your life to proving that love is the greatest thing in the world.” (p. 2047) “Love is the ancestor of all spiritual goodness, the essence of the true and the beautiful.” (p. 2047) The Father’s love can become real to mortal man only by passing through that man’s personality as he in turn bestows this love upon his fellows. (p. 1289) The secret of a better civilization is bound up in the Master’s teachings of the brotherhood of man, the good will of love and mutual trust. (p. 2065)
Prayer
Prayer is not a technique of escape from conflict but rather a stimulus to growth in the very face of conflict. (p. 1002) The sincerity of any prayer is the assurance of its being heard. … (p. 1639) God answers man’s prayer by giving him an increased revelation of truth, an enhanced appreciation of beauty, and an augmented concept of goodness. (p. 1002) …Never forget that the sincere prayer of faith is a mighty force for the promotion of personal happiness, individual self-control, social harmony, moral progress, and spiritual attainment. (p. 999)
Suffering
There is a great and glorious purpose in the march of the universes through space. All of your mortal struggling is not in vain. (p. 364) Mortals only learn wisdom by experiencing tribulation. (p. 556)
Angels
The angels of all orders are distinct personalities and are highly individualized. (p. 285) Angels....are fully cognizant of your moral struggles and spiritual difficulties. They love human beings, and only good can result from your efforts to understand and love them. (p. 419)
Our Divine Destiny
If you are a willing learner, if you want to attain spirit levels and reach divine heights, if you sincerely desire to reach the eternal goal, then the divine Spirit will gently and lovingly lead you along the pathway of sonship and spiritual progress. (p. 381) …They who know that God is enthroned in the human heart are destined to become like him—immortal. (p. 1449) God is not only the determiner of destiny; he is man’s eternal destination. (p. 67)
Family
Almost everything of lasting value in civilization has its roots in the family. (p. 765) The family is man’s greatest purely human achievement. ... (p. 939)
Faith
…Faith will expand the mind, ennoble the soul, reinforce the personality, augment the happiness, deepen the spirit perception, and enhance the power to love and be loved. (p. 1766) “Now, mistake not, my Father will ever respond to the faintest flicker of faith.” (p. 1733)
History/Science
The story of man’s ascent from seaweed to the lordship of earthly creation is indeed a romance of biologic struggle and mind survival. (p. 731) 2,500,000,000 years ago… Urantia was a well developed sphere about one tenth its present mass. … (p. 658) 1,000,000,000 years ago is the date of the actual beginning of Urantia [Earth] history. (p. 660) 450,000,000 years ago the transition from vegetable to animal life occurred. (p. 669) From the year A.D. 1934 back to the birth of the first two human beings is just 993,419 years. (p. 707) About five hundred thousand years ago…there were almost one-half billion primitive human beings on earth. … (p. 741) Adam and Eve arrived on Urantia, from the year A.D. 1934, 37,848 years ago. (p. 828)
From the Inside Flap
What’s Inside?
Parts I and II
God, the inhabited universes, life after death, angels and other beings, the war in heaven.
Part III
The history of the world, science and evolution, Adam and Eve, development of civilization, marriage and family, personal spiritual growth.
Part IV
The life and teachings of Jesus including the missing years. AND MUCH MORE…
Excerpts
God, …God is the source and destiny of all that is good and beautiful and true. (p. 1431) If you truly want to find God, that desire is in itself evidence that you have already found him. (p. 1440) When man goes in partnership with God, great things may, and do, happen. (p. 1467)
The Origin of Human Life, The universe is not an accident... (p. 53) The universe of universes is the work of God and the dwelling place of his diverse creatures. (p. 21) The evolutionary planets are the spheres of human origin…Urantia [Earth] is your starting point. … (p. 1225) In God, man lives, moves, and has his being. (p. 22)
The Purpose of Life, There is in the mind of God a plan which embraces every creature of all his vast domains, and this plan is an eternal purpose of boundless opportunity, unlimited progress, and endless life. (p. 365) This new gospel of the kingdom… presents a new and exalted goal of destiny, a supreme life purpose. (p. 1778)
Jesus, The religion of Jesus is the most dynamic influence ever to activate the human race. (p. 1091) What an awakening the world would experience if it could only see Jesus as he really lived on earth and know, firsthand, his life-giving teachings! (p. 2083)
Science, Science, guided by wisdom, may become man’s great social liberator. (p. 909) Mortal man is not an evolutionary accident. There is a precise system, a universal law, which determines the unfolding of the planetary life plan on the spheres of space. (p. 560)
Life after Death, God’s love is universal… He is “not willing that any should perish.” (p. 39) Your short sojourn on Urantia [Earth]…is only a single link, the very first in the long chain that is to stretch across universes and through the eternal ages. (p. 435) …Death is only the beginning of an endless career of adventure, an everlasting life of anticipation, an eternal voyage of discovery. (p. 159)
About the Author
The text of The Urantia Book was provided by one or more anonymous contributors working with a small staff which provided editorial and administrative support during the book's creation. The book bears no particular credentials (from a human viewpoint), relying instead on the power and beauty of the writing itself to persuade the reader of its authenticity.
Leather Bound: 2097 pages
Publisher: Urantia Foundation; Box Lea edition (August 25, 2015)
For centuries the Hebrew Bible has been the fountainhead of the Judeo-Christian tradition. Today, however, the entire biblical tradition, including its historical veracity, is being challenged. Leading this assault is a group of scholars described as the "minimalist" or "revisionist" school of biblical studies, which charges that the Hebrew Bible is largely pious fiction, that its writers and editors invented "ancient Israel" as a piece of late Jewish propaganda in the Hellenistic era.
In this fascinating book noted Syro-Palestinian archaeologist William G. Dever attacks the minimalist position head-on, showing how modern archaeology brilliantly illuminates both life in ancient Palestine and the sacred scriptures as we have them today. Assembling a wealth of archaeological evidence, Dever builds the clearest, most complete picture yet of the real Israel that existed during the Iron Age of ancient Palestine (1200–600 B.C.).
Dever's exceptional reconstruction of this key period points up the minimalists' abuse of archaeology and reveals the weakness of their revisionist histories. Dever shows that ancient Israel, far from being an "invention," is a reality to be discovered. Equally important, his recovery of a reliable core history of ancient Israel provides a firm foundation from which to appreciate the aesthetic value and lofty moral aspirations of the Hebrew Bible.
Paperback: 327 pages
Publisher: Eerdmans; Later Printing edition (May 10, 2001)
From the Back Cover
The Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia of the Bible, the result of more than ten years of research and preparation, provides Bible students with a comprehensive and reliable library of information. Varying viewpoints of scholarship permit a well-rounded perspective on significant issues relating to doctrines, themes, and biblical interpretation. Well-organized and generously illustrated, this encyclopedia will become a frequently used resource and reference work because of its many helpful features: - More than 5,000 pages of vital information of Bible lands and people - More than 7,500 articles alphabetically arranged for easy reference - Hundreds of full-color and black-and-white illustrations, charts, and graphs - Thirty-two pages of full-color maps and hundreds of black-and-white outline maps for quick perspective and ready reference - Scholarly articles ranging across the entire spectrum of theological and biblical topics, backed by recent archaeological discoveries - Two hundred and thirty-eight contributors from around the world. The editors have brought to this encyclopedia the fruit of many years of study and research.
About the Author
Merrill C. Tenney was professor of theological studies and dean of the Graduate school of Theology at Wheaton College.
Hardcover: 5 volume set More than 5,000 pages
Publisher: Zondervan Publishing House; Second Printing edition (March 15, 1975)
Archaeology of the Bible: The Greatest Discoveries From Genesis to the Roman Era
From ancient holy sites, to buried relics and treasures, National Geographic uncovers the history and the archaeological discoveries from Scripture and the biblical world. Richly illustrated and written from an objective and nondenominational perspective, author Jean-Pierre Isbouts uses the latest scientific and archaeological discoveries to place biblical stories in the framework of human history. Chapters, beginning with the dawn of human civilization and ending with present day and the future of archaeology, chronicle hundreds of sites and artifacts found in Sumer, Babylon, the Second Temple, along the route of the Exodus, and in many other regions across the Middle East. Timelines bridge hundreds of years and several empires, maps give readers a visual sense of location, while hundreds of photos and illustrations of rare artifacts and ancient places add to the visual splendor. lt concludes with details of what remains to be found and the evolving dynamic of biblical faith in an increasingly scientific world in which archaeologists make daily breakthroughs.
About the Author
JEAN-PIERRE ISBOUTS is a humanities scholar and graduate professor in the doctoral programs at Fielding Graduate University in Santa Barbara, California. He has published widely on the origins of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, including the bestseller Biblical World: An Illustrated Atlas; Young Jesus: Restoring the “Lost Years” of a Social Activist and Religious Dissident; From Moses to Muhammed; The Shared Origins of Judaism, Christianity and Islam; and The Mysteries of Jesus. An award-winning filmmaker, Isbouts has also produced Charlton Heston’s Voyage Through the Bible, The Quest for Peace, and Young Jesus.
Paperback: 352 pages
Publisher: National Geographic (October 25, 2016)
Sumerian Deities
Sumerian Minor Gods and Goddesses - Crystalinks
Deity: Displays the name of the deity along with a notation of any other pantheons they belong to.
Patron City: Center of worship of the deity.
Description: A brief description of the deity's duties.
Symbol: Symbol commonly used to denote the deity.
Relationships: Relationships with other deities.
Comments: Interesting side notes concerning the deity.
Also Known As...: Other names the deity is known by along with a notation of the pantheon(s) they belong to.
Legend
| A=Akkadian | Ab=Arabic | Am=Ammonite | Ar=Aramaean | As=Assyrian |
| B=Babylonian | C=Canaanite | Ca=Carthage | Ch=Chaldea | D=Dilmun |
| E=Elamite | Eg=Egyptian | Et=Etruscan | G=Greek | H=Hittites |
| He=Hebrew | Hu=Hurrian | I=India | K=Kassite | M=Moabite |
| P=Phoenician | Pe=Persian | R=Roman | S=Sumerian | Se=Semite |
| Si=Sidon | Sy=Syrian | T=Tibet | U=Ugarit |
The Four Primary Deities
Deity |
Patron City |
Description |
Symbol |
Relationships |
Comments |
Also Known As... |
| An | Erech | Great Father of the Gods, the king of the Gods, the God of the Sun | star | Husband of Antu. Father of Ninhursag, Enlil, and Martu. Son of Ki and Nammu. | An was at one time the head of the Sumerian pantheon. His worship waned over time and his powers were transferred to Enlil. | Anat(As,C,Ch,S,Eg), Anatu(As), Anath, Anu(A,As,B,H,Hu,S,Sy), Anum |
| Enki | Eridu | Lord of water, wisdom, creation, and fertility. Invented writing. Keeper of the divine laws. Created the first humans. | Two serpents entwined on a staff. Warned Ziusudra of the impending flood. | Son of Nammu. Father of Dumuzi, Ninsar, Uttu, Ninmu, Nindurra, and Asarlubi. Husband of Nintu. | - | Lumha(S), Nudimmud(B), Ea(S,A,B), Amanki(B) |
| Enlil | Nippur | Lord of rain, wind, and air. Invents tools of agriculture. Created the deluge or "amaru" to destroy mankind. | Seven small circles. | Raped Ninlil. Either the brother or husband of Ninhursag (sources differ). Father of Ashnan, Nergal, Ninazu, Ninurta, and Nanna. Son of Ki and An. Ki is also known as Nammu. |
Seceded An as the head of the Sumerian pantheon. | Adad(As,B,C,S), Bel(B,S), Illillos(S), Ishkur(A,H,S), Lil(S) |
| Ninhursag | - | Great Mother Goddess. Goddess of childbirth. Queen of the mountains. | - | Daughter of An and Nammu. Mother of Ninurta, Martu, and Ninkasi. Often stated as Enlil's sister, but also as his wife. | - | Ninlil(S), Ningal(S), Aruru(As,B,Ch,S), Bau(A,B,P,S), Belit(B,S), Belit-Illi, Belitis, Ga-Tum-Dug(S), Gula(A,B,S), Innini(S), Ki(S), Nammu(S), Ninkarrak(B,S), Ninki(S), Ninmah(S), Nintu(S), Ninurta(A,C,S) |
The Seven Who Decreed Fate
Deity |
Patron City |
Description |
Symbol |
Relationships |
Comments |
Also Known As... |
| An | Erech | Great Father of the Gods, the king of the Gods, the God of the Sun | star | Husband of Antu. Father of Ninhursag, Enlil, and Martu. Son of Ki and Nammu. | An was at one time the head of the Sumerian pantheon. His worship waned over time and his powers were transferred to Enlil. | Anat(As,C,Ch,S,Eg), Anatu(As), Anath, Anu(A,As,B,H,Hu,S,Sy), Anum |
| Enki | Eridu | Lord of water, wisdom, creation, and fertility. Invented writing. Keeper of the divine laws. Created the first humans. | Two serpents entwined on a staff. WaIshtarrned Ziusudra of the impending flood. | Son of Nammu. Father of Dumuzi, Ninsar, Uttu, Ninmu, Nindurra, and Asarlubi. Husband of Nintu. | - | Lumha(S), Nudimmud(B), Ea(S,A,B), Amanki(B) |
| Enlil | Nippur | Lord of rain, wind, and air. Invents tools of agriculture. Created the deluge or "amaru" to destroy mankind. | Seven small circles. | Raped Ninlil. Either the brother or husband of Ninhursag (sources differ). Father of Ashnan, Nergal, Ninazu, Ninurta, and Nanna. Son of Ki and An. | Seceded An as the head of the Sumerian pantheon. | Adad(As,B,C,S), Bel(B,S), Illillos(S), Ishkur(A,H,S), Lil(S) |
| Inanna | Erech | Goddess of love, fertility, procreation, and war. Queen of the beasts. Protector of Aratta. | Eight or sixteen pointed star. | Daughter of Nanna and Ningal. Wife of Dumuzi. Early traditions state she is the daughter of An. According to one account, she is the sister of Gilgamesh. Sister of Utu, Nanshe, Ninisinna, Ninmug, Nidaba, and Ereshkigal. | - | Absusu(S), Ianna(S), Ishtar(A,B,Ch,Se,S), Tamar(He), Annis(S) |
| Nanna | Ur | God of the moon. | Crescent. | Father of Utu and Inanna. Son of Ninlil and Enlil. Husband of Ningal. | - | Sin(A,B,S) |
| Ninhursag | - | Great Mother Goddess. Goddess of childbirth. Queen of the mountains. | - | Daughter of An and Nammu. Mother of Ninurta, Martu, and Ninkasi. Often stated as Enlil's sister, but also as his wife. | - | Ninlil(S), Ningal(S), Aruru(As,B,Ch,S), Bau(A,B,P,S), Belit(B,S), Belit-Illi, Belitis, Ga-Tum-Dug(S), Gula(A,B,S), Innini(S), Ki(S), Nammu(S), Ninkarrak(B,S), Ninki(S), Ninmah(S), Nintu(S), Ninurta(A,C,S) |
| Utu | Larsa | Sun god of justice. | - | Son of Nanna and Ningal. Father of Mamu. Brother of Inanna. | - | Shamash(B), Babbar(S) |
The Annunaki
Deity |
Patron City |
Description |
Symbol |
Relationships |
Comments |
Also Known As... |
| Ashnan | - | Goddess of grain. | - | Daughter of Enlil. | - | - |
| Emesh | - | God of agriculture. | - | Brother of Enten. | - | - |
| Enbilulu | - | Appointed by Enki to be in charge of the Tigris and the Euphrates. | - | - | - | - |
| Enkidu | - | God of land owners and farmers. | - | Adversary of Dumuzi. Companion of Gilgamesh. | - | Enkimdu(S), Eabani(S), Enkita(H) |
| Enten | - | Farmer god. | - | Brother of Emesh. | - | - |
| Ereshkigal | - | Goddess of Arallu. | - | Sister of Inanna. Wife of Gugalanna. | - | Allat(A), Allatu(A), Alukah(C), Ganzir(Se), Ningirda(S) |
| Ishkur | - | God of the winds and lightning. | - | - | - | Adad(A,B), Iskur(S), Enlil(As,B,S), Immer(S), Mer(B,S), Mermer(S), Mur(S) |
| Kabta | - | God of the brickmold and pickax. | - | - | - | - |
| Lahar | - | Goddess of cattle. | - | - | - | - |
| Mushdamma | - | God of foundations and houses. | - | - | - | - |
| Nanshe | Lagash | Goddess of man's morals and ethics, widows and orphans, and seeks out justice for the poor. | - | Wife of Haia. Sister of Inanna. | - | - |
| Nergal | - | God of the plague, underworld, and fires. Supreme ruler of Arallu. | - | Son of Enlil and Ninlil. Brother of Ninurta. | - | Meshlamthea(S), Nirgalu(B), Gira(S), Enmesarra(B,S), Enmesharra(B,S), Ira(S), Lugalmeslam(S), Malik(S), Mekel(S), Reshef(Sy) |
| Nidaba | - | Goddess of writing and accounts. Patron deity of the palace archives. | - | Sister of Inanna. | - | - |
| Ningal | - | Sun goddess. | - | Wife of Nanna. Mother of Utu and Ianna. | - | Aruru(B,Ch,S), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninmah(S), Nintu(S) |
| Ninurta | - | God of the south wind, irrigation, copper and coppersmiths, and fertility. Patron of hunters. A warrior deity. | - | Son of Ninhursag and Enlil. Brother of Nergal. | - | Ennammasht(S), Ningirsu(S), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninib(S), Ninkilim(S), Ninsubur(A,B,S), Ninurash(S) |
| Ninisinna | Isin | Goddess of healing and medicine. | - | Sister of Inanna. | - | Ninedinna(B) |
| Ninkasi(Se) | - | Goddess of brewing and alcohol. | - | Daughter of Ninhursag. | - | Ninkas(S,Se) |
| Ninlil | - | Goddess of grain. | - | Daughter of Nunbarshegunu. Raped by Enlil, and is sometimes referred to as his sister. Mother of Nanna, Nergal, and Ninazu. | Identified with the Babylonian god Mullitu/Mylitta. | Belit(B,S), Haya(B), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninki(S), Ninlilla(B), Nisaba(S) |
| Sumuqan | - | God of plant and animal on the Sumerian plain. | - | - | - | - |
| Uttu | - | Goddess of weaving and clothing, plants, and vegetation. | - | Daughter of Enki and Nindurra. | - | - |
Demigods and Heroes
Deity |
Patron City |
Description |
Symbol |
Relationships |
Comments |
Also Known As... |
| Adapa | - | Created by Ea to rule over man. Refused bread and water, which would have granted him everlasting life, and in turn brought illness, disease, and death to other humans. | - | - | Possible source for Adam. | Adapa Uan(S), Addu(Ar) |
| Dumuzi | - | Shepherd god over the fertility of plants and animals, and stables and sheepfolds. | - | Husband of Inanna. Brother of Geshtinanna. Son of Enki and Ninsun. Adversary of Enkimdu. | Historical king of Erech who was deified. | Damu(S), Tammuz(B), Ziapsu(S) |
| Gilgamesh | - | One-third man and two-thirds god. Sought out Utanapishtim for the secret of immortality. | - | Son of Ninsun and Lugalbanda. Companion of Enkidu. According to one source, he is the brother of Inanna. | Historical king of Erech who was deified. | Gizdubar(Ch), Izdubar, Gishgimmash(H) |
| Geshtinanna | - | Goddess of autumn vines and wine. Poetess, singer, and interpreter of dreams. Known as "The Lady of Desolation," "The Lady of the Vine," "The Recorder of Hell," and "The Bookkeeper of Heaven." | - | Sister of Dumuzi. Daughter of Ninsum. | - | - |
| Gugulanna | - | Bull of Heaven. | - | Husband of Ereshkigal. | - | - |
| Khumbaba | - | Guardian of the Cedar Forest of Amanus. Defeated and slain by Enkidu and Gilgamesh. | - | - | - | Hubaba(E), Humbaba(A,B,S), Hum-ba, Humhum, Huwawa |
| Kur | - | Underworld monster depicting the empty space between the earth's crust and the sea. | - | - | - | - |
| Ziapsu | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(S) |
| Ziusudra | - | King of Sippar who was warned by Enki of the impending deluge. | - | Son of Ubartutu of Shuruppak. Granted eternal life by An and Enlil. | Possible source of Noah. | Ziusura(S), Utnapishtim(B) |
| Ziusura | - | - | - | - | - | Ziusudra(S) |
Other Gods
Deity |
Patron City |
Description |
Symbol |
Relationships |
Comments |
Also Known As... |
| Aa(A) | - | Moon goddess | Disc with eight extending rays. | Mother of Tammuz. | - | Aah, Aos(Ch), Iah, Khensu(Eg), Sirdu, Sirrida |
| Ab(Ch) | - | Lord of Wisdom and Father of the Waters. | - | - | - | - |
| Absusu | - | - | - | - | - | Abtagigi(S), Ishtar(As,B,A,Ch,Se,Si,S) |
| Abtagigi(As,B) | - | An evil goddess of harlots who preys on men. | - | - | - | Absusu(S), Aphrodite(G,P), Ishtar(As,B,A,Ch,Se,Si,S), Kilili(As,B) |
| Abu(Ab,E) | - | Appointed by Enki as king of the plants. | - | - | - | Elephantine(G), Elephantis(G) |
| Abzu | - | Primordial Lord of the Inner Waters. Joined with Tiamat to begin creation. Abzu eventually grew angry with the gods and attempted to stop them, but he was slain by Ea. | - | Father of the gods. Abzu and Tiamat created the first life forms, Lahamu and Lahmu. | Derivative of the modern word "abyss". | Apsu(S), Apzu(B), Apason(B), Aphson(B), Rishtu(B), Zigarun(A) |
| Adad(Ar,As,B,C) | - | God of floods, storms, punishment, and justice. | - | - | - | Baal of Mt. Lebanon(Se), Baalsamame(P), Balsamem, Balshameme, Balshamin, Bardad(Se), Belshim(Se), Ber, Bir(As), Birque(Se), Dadu, Hadad(P,Se,Sy), Haddad(B,P), Ilhallubu(B), Ilumarru(A,B), Iluwir, Ishkur(A,H,S), Iskur(B), Jashar(He), Kur-Gal, Kurgal(C), Marri(B,S), Marru(B), Martu(S), Ramman(Ar), Rammanu(S), Rammon(S), Rimmon(As,B), Riummon(Sy) |
| Addu(Ar) | - | - | - | - | - | Adad(Ar,As,B,C,S), Adapa, Marduk(A,As,B,S) |
| Ahhazu(B) | - | Demon of disease and death. | - | - | - | Labasu |
| Aleyn-baal(A,B,C,P,U) | - | Storm and Weather god. "God of the Waters." | - | - | - | Baal(B,P,S,Sy), Baal Hammon(Ca), Baalshamin, Ba'al-zebub(C,P,U), Bel(A,B,S), Hadad(P,Se,Sy), Marduk(A,As,B,S), Melkart(Am,P) |
| Alu(B) | - | A murderous demon who preys on humans. | - | - | - | - |
| Alulim | - | The first antediluvian king with a reign of 28,000 years. | - | - | Alulim is the first king on the Sumerian Kings List. He is attributed with a reign of 28,000 years. | Aloros(G) |
| Ama | - | - | - | - | - | Mama(S), Mami(A,B,Ch,S) |
| Amaruduk(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Marduk(A,As,B,S) |
| Amashilamma | - | A cow goddess. | - | - | - | - |
| Amathaounta(E) | - | Goddess of the sea. | - | - | - | Ashima(E,S) |
| Ana | - | - | - | - | - | Anat(As,C,Ch,E,S) |
| Anat(As,C,Ch,E) | - | "Lady of Heaven," "Mistress of the Gods." An Earth goddess. | - | Daughter of Baal. Wife of Anu. | - | Ana, Anata, Anath, Anath-yahu, Anatha, Anatu, Anna-nin, Annuthat, Anta, Antit, Antum(As,B), Hanata, Quadesh(P) |
| Anatu | - | - | - | Wife of Anu. | - | Anat(As,C,Ch,E,S) |
| Annis | - | - | - | - | - | Inanna(S) |
| Annunaki | - | - | - | - | - | Anunnaki(As,B,S), Ennuki(As,B,S) |
| Anshar | - | God of Heaven and Sky. | - | Son of Lahamu and Lahmu. Father of Anu and Ea. Wife of Ki. | - | Assorors(S), Shar(S) |
| Anshur | - | - | - | - | - | Anshar(As,B,S), Ashur(As,S) |
| Antu | - | - | - | Wife of An | - | Antum |
| Anu(A,B,H,Hu,Sy) | - | - | - | - | - | An(A,As,B,E,S), Ana(S), Anos, Anum |
| Anunit(As,B) | - | Goddess of the moon and of battle. | Sun with eight extending rays. | - | - | Anunitum(B) |
| Anunnaki(As,B) | - | High gods of the Sumerian pantheon composed of An, Enki, and the children of Anshar and Ki. Their palace, Diligina or Ekalgina, is located in Arallu. | - | - | - | Ennuki(As,B,S) |
| Anzu(Pe) | - | - | - | - | - | Zu(S) |
| Aos(Ch,G) | - | God of light. | - | - | - | Aa, Hoa(Ch), Oannes(B,Ch,G,S) |
| Apsu | - | - | - | - | - | Abzu(S), Apzu(As,B) |
| Arallu(As,B) | - | The underworld kingdom ruled by Ereshkigal and Nergal. The dead are judged here. | - | - | - | Anduruna, Ganzir(Se), Shualu(B) |
| Arazu(A) | - | The god of crafts. | - | - | - | - |
| Aruru(As,B,Ch) | - | Earth goddess who created the first men out of clay. | - | - | - | Belet-ili, Mami(A,B,Ch,S), Ningal(B,S,Se), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninmah(S), Nintue |
| Asarlubi | - | God of magic and sorcery. | - | Son of Enki. | - | - |
| Ashnan(Ch) | - | Goddess of grain. | - | - | - | - |
| Ashshur(As) | - | - | - | - | - | Ashur(As,S) |
| Ashur(As) | - | A warrior deity endowed with many powers of creation. | Winged disk, bow and arrow, and the fir cone. | - | - | - |
| Assorors | - | - | - | - | - | Anshar(As,B,S) |
| Assur(As) | - | - | - | - | - | Ashur(A,S) |
| Asur(As) | - | - | - | - | - | Ashur(A,S) |
| Azur(As) | - | - | - | - | - | Ashur(A,S) |
| Babbar | Larsa | Ancient sun god of Larsa. | - | - | - | Utu(S), Shamash(A) |
| Bau(A,B,P) | - | A primeval goddess of the "Dark Waters". | - | Mother of Ea. | - | Baau(As,B), Bahu(I), Bohu, Gula(A,B,S), Gur, Ninhursag(A,S), Ninki(S) |
| Bayl | - | - | - | - | - | Bel(B,S) |
| Bel(B) | - | A title attributed to gods. It translates to "lord". | - | - | - | Aleyn-baal(A,B,C,P,S,U), Bayl(S), Belit(As,S), Enlil(As,B,S), Marduk(A,As,B,S) |
| Beletersetim(As) | - | Scribe of the underworld. | - | - | - | Belit-Sheri(As,B) |
| Belit(As) | - | "Lady of the Gods," "Lady of Childbirth" | - | - | - | Ba'alat, Beltis(B,S), Belit-Ilani, Belit-Ile, Belit-Illi, Mylitta(B,Ch), Ninhursag(A,S), Nintud(A,B,S) |
| Belti(B,P,Se) | - | Mother goddess. | - | - | - | Baalath(Se), Beltis(B,S), Belitis, Beltu(B,S) |
| Beltis(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Belti(B,P,Se,S) |
| Beltu(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Belti(B,P,Se,S) |
| Bogu | - | God of wealth. | - | - | - | - |
| Chemosh(C,E,M,Se) | - | Possible historical king who was deified. God of the sun. | - | - | - | Baal-Peor(M), Kammus, Kamus, Shamash(A,S) |
| Damgalnunna | - | - | - | - | - | Ninki(S) |
| Dagon(A,B,C,Se,U) | Ashdod | - | - | - | - | Oannes(B,Ch,S,G), Zeus Arotrios |
| Damu | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(S), Tammuz(B), Ziapsu(S) |
| Dazhbod | - | - | - | - | - | Dazibogu(S) |
| Dazibogu | - | A solar deity. | - | - | - | Dazhbod(S) |
| Dilmun | - | The home of the gods. Possible location of Eden. | - | - | - | - |
| Dubbisag | - | An ancient Sumerian god. | - | - | - | - |
| Dumazu | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dumu-e-zi | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dumu-zi | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dumunzi | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dumuziabzu | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dumuziapsu | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dumuzida | - | - | - | - | - | Dumuzi(A,S) |
| Dup Shimate | - | The Tablets of Fate. | - | - | - | - |
| Duttur | - | Goddess of sheep and flocks. | - | Mother of Dumuzi and Geshtinanna. | - | Sirtur(S) |
| Ea(A,As,B) | - | God of the earth and waters, magicians, healers, and wisdom. | - | - | - | Amma-Ana-Ki(As,B), Aos(Ch,G,S), Dunga(As,B), Enki(As,B,S), Engur(As,B), Enki-Ea(As,B), Hea(Ch), Hoa(Ch), Lumha(S), Nadimmud(B), Nidim(As,B), Ninbubu(As,B), Nindubarra(As,B), Ninigiku(S), Ninigikug, Nudimmud(B), Nurra(As,B), Oannes(B,Ch,G,S) |
| Eabani | - | - | - | - | - | Enkidu(S) |
| Eannu | - | Anu's home on earth. | - | - | - | - |
| Edimmu | - | Evil souls of the dead who have not received proper funerary rites. | - | - | - | - |
| Elat | - | Female aspect of El. | - | - | - | - |
| Ellat | - | Defender of cities. | - | - | - | Allat(Ar,As,B,Ch) |
| Engidu | - | - | - | - | - | Enkidu(S) |
| En-Mersi | - | - | - | - | - | Ningirsu(S) |
| Enkimdu | - | - | - | - | - | Enkidu(S) |
| Enmesarra(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Enmesharra(B,S) |
| Enmesharra | - | - | - | - | - | Nergal(S) |
| Ennammasht | - | - | - | - | - | Ninurta(A,C,S) |
| Ennuki | - | - | - | - | - | Anunnaki(As,B,S) |
| Enuma Elish(B) | - | Poem of Creation. | - | - | - | - |
| Erescheigal(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Ereshkigal(B,G,S) |
| Erishgal(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Ereshkigal(B,G,S) |
| Erishkegal(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Ereshkigal(B,G,S) |
| Eriskigal(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Ereshkigal(B,G,S) |
| Etuda | - | - | - | Father of Tammuz. | - | - |
| Ezuab | - | Ea's home. Located in the city of Eridu. | - | - | - | - |
| Gabil(As) | - | Goddess of fire. Patron of metal workers. | - | Son of Anu. Sister of Nin-karrak. | - | Girau(A,S), Nusku(As,B,S) |
| Ga-Tum-Dug | Lagash | Earth goddess. | - | - | - | Ninhursag(A,S), Ninki(S) |
| Gibil(As) | - | God of fire. | - | Son of Anu. Sister of Ninkarrak. | - | Gabil(S), Girau(As,S), Nusku(As,B,S) |
| Gir | - | - | - | - | - | Ira(As,B) |
| Gira | - | - | - | - | - | Ira(As,B) |
| Girra | - | - | - | - | - | Ira(As,B) |
| Girau(As) | - | - | - | - | - | Gabil(As,S) |
| Gizidu | - | Chief gatekeeper of the Underworld. Scribe of Kur. | - | - | - | Neti(S) |
| Grismadevi | - | Goddess of the seasons. | - | - | - | Dbyar-Gyi-Rgyalmo(T) |
| Guhkin-Banda | - | Patron of goldsmiths. | - | - | - | - |
| Gula(A,B) | - | Guardian of homes. Goddess of the earth, illness, and health. | - | Daughter of Anu. | - | Gatamdug(As,B), Gula-Bau, Ninhursag(As,S), Ninki(S) |
| Haia | - | - | - | Husband of Nanshe. | - | - |
| Ilabrat(B) | - | A messenger of Anu. Sent to find out why the south wind stopped blowing. | - | - | - | Ninsubur(A,B,S), Papsukkal(S), Papukkal(S) |
| Ili-abrat | - | - | - | - | - | Ilabrat(B,S) |
| Illillos | - | - | - | - | - | Enlil(As,B,S) |
| Imgig | - | - | - | - | - | Zu(S) |
| Imhursag | - | - | - | - | - | Ishkur(A,H,S) |
| Immer | - | Mother goddess. | - | - | - | Ishkur(A,H,S) |
| Innini | - | - | - | - | - | Inanna(S), Ninanna(B), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninki(S), Ninsinna(B), Nintud(A,B,S) |
| Ira | - | - | - | - | - | Nergal(S) |
| Ishtar(A,As,B,Ch,Se,Si) | - | Mother goddess. Goddess of storms, fertility, spring, war, love, the hunt, fate, childbirth, and marriage. Personification of the planet Venus. Goddess of the underworld. Invoked as protection against poison and ill health. | Eight pointed star. | Daughter of Sin. Sister of Shamash and Ereshkigal. | - | Absusu(S), Abtagigi(As,B,S), Agasaya(Se), Ashtart(P), Ashtoreth(B,C,Se), Athar(Ab), Aya(As,B,Ch), Belti(B,P,Se,S), Bisi-Bisi(As,B), Dilbar(B), Gamlat(B), Gumshea(As,B), Hanata, Inanna(S), Innini(S), Irnini(B), Kilili(As,B), Meni(B), Minu-anni(As,B), Minu-ullu, Nin-kar-zi-da(As,B), Nin-khar-sagga(As,B), Nin-si-anna, Ninkarrak(As,B,S), Ninkasi(Se), Ninlil(As,B,P,S), Sharis(Ar), Shaushka(H,Hu), Shimti(A), Zanaru(As,B), Zib(B) |
| Isimud | - | Messenger of Enki. | - | - | - | - |
| Jabal | - | Patron of tents. | - | Son of Lumha. Brother of Jubal and Tubal-cain. | - | - |
| Jubal | - | Patron of music. | - | Son of Lumha. Brother of Jabal and Tubal-cain. | - | - |
| Kadi | - | Goddess of justice. | - | - | - | - |
| Khumban | Elam | - | - | Husband of Kiririsha. | - | - |
| Ki(Ch) | - | A primordial being. Personification of the earth. | - | Daughter of Nammu. Mother of Enlil. | - | Kishar(As,B) |
| Kingu(B) | - | Keeper of the Tablets of Destiny. Tiamat's general in the war against the gods. | - | Son of Apsu. | - | - |
| Kiririsha | Elam | - | - | Wife of Khumban. | - | - |
| Kishu | - | Goddess of earth. | - | Sister of Anshar. | - | - |
| Lagamal | Elam | - | - | Son of Ea. | - | - |
| Lahamu | - | A primordial being. One of the first life forms created by Apsu and Tiamat. | - | Mother of Anshar and Ki. Daughter of Abzu and Tiamat. | - | Asakku(As,B) |
| Lahmu | - | A primordial being. One of the first life forms created by Apsu and Tiamat. | - | Father of Anshar and Ki. Son of Abzu and Tiamat. | - | Asakku(As,B) |
| Lakhamu | - | Lahamu and Lahmu, the serpentine deities. The first gods created by Apsu and Tiamat. | - | - | - | - |
| Lamassu(B,He) | - | A terrifying demon who preys on children and women. | - | - | - | Labartu(As), Labasi, Lamme(S) |
| Lamech | - | - | - | - | - | Lumha(S) |
| Lamme | - | - | - | - | - | Lamassu(B,He,S) |
| Lil | - | - | - | - | - | Enlil(As,B,S) |
| Lilithu(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Lilu(B,S) |
| Lilitu(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Lilu(B,S) |
| Lilli(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Lilu(B,S) |
| Lillu(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Lilu(B,S) |
| Lilu(B) | - | A demon who seduces sleeping women. | - | - | - | Lilith(He) |
| Lugalbanda | - | Legendary shepherd king of Erech who was said to have reigned for over 1000 years. Protector of Gilgamesh. | - | - | According to the Kings List Lugalbanda was the third king of Erech after the deluge. | - |
| Lugalmeslam | - | - | - | - | - | Nergal(As,B,E,P,S) |
| Lumha | - | Patron of singers. | - | Father of Jabal, Jubal, and Tubal-cain. | - | Ea(A,As,B,S), Enki(As,B,S), Lamech(S) |
| Mah(A,C,Pe,Se) | - | Goddess of the moon. Creation goddess. | - | - | - | Aruru(As,B,Ch,S), Belit-Ili, Gula(A,B,S), Mama(S), Mami(A,B,Ch,S), Ninmah |
| Malik | - | - | - | - | - | Nergal(As,B,E,P,S) |
| Mama | - | - | - | - | - | Mami(A,B,Ch,S) |
| Mami(A,B,Ch) | - | Mother Goddess, Creator of Mankind, Goddess of Childbirth. Molded men out of clay. | - | - | - | Ama(S), Aruru(As,B,Ch,S), Mah(A,C,P,Se,S), Mama(S) |
| Mamu | - | God/Goddess of dreams and visions. | - | Child of Utu. | - | - |
| Marduk(A,As,B) | Babylon | Supreme god. God of storms, lightning, fertility, and the sun. Became lord of the gods after defeating Tiamat. | - | Son of Ea and Ninki. Father of Nabu. | - | Addu(Ar), Agaku(B), Agilma(B), Amaruduk(S), Aranunna(B), Asaru(B), Asarualim(B), Asarualim Nunna(B), Asaruludu(B), Asharu(B), Barashakushu(B), Bel Matati, Dumuduku(B), Enbilulu(B), Epadun(B), Exizkur(B), Gibil(As,S), Gil(B), Gilma(B), Gishnumunab(B), Gugal(B), Hegal(B), Irkingu(B), Kinma(B), Lugalabdubur(B), Lugaldimmerankia(B), Lugaldurmah(B), Lugallanna(B), Lugallugga(B), Malah(B), Manru(B), Marukka(B), Marutukku(B), Mummu(As,B,S), Namtillaku(B), Nari(B), Nebiru(B), Papalguenna(B), Shazau(B), Sirsir(B), Suhgurim(B), Suhrim(B), Tuku(B), Tut(B), Zahgurim(B), Zahrim(B), Ziku(B,S), Zisi(B), Ziukkinna(B), Zulum(B). |
| Martu | - | God of the Bedu. Destroyer of cities and people. | - | Son of An and Ninhursaga. | - | - |
| Me | - | - | - | - | - | Nabu |
| Mekel | - | - | - | - | - | Nergal(As,B,E,P,S) |
| Mer(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Ishkur(A,H,S) |
| Mermer | - | - | - | - | - | Ishkur(A,H,S) |
| Meshlamthea | - | - | - | - | - | Nergal(As,B,E,P,S) |
| Mirsi | - | - | - | - | - | Mirsu(S) |
| Mirsu | - | God of irrigation. | - | - | - | Tammuz(As,B) |
| Misharu | - | God of law and order. | - | - | - | Misor(P,Se) |
| Mummu(As,B,S) | - | Personification of ocean waves. | - | - | - | - |
| Mummu-Tiamat | - | - | - | - | - | Tiamat(As,B,Ch,Se,S) |
| Mur | - | - | - | - | - | Ishkur(A,H,S) |
| Nabu | - | God of vegetation, writing, and speech. Maintains the records of mens deeds and produces them after their death for judgment. | stylus | Husband of Tashmetrum. Son of Marduk. | - | Nabug(As), Tigranes, Me(S), Sa(S), Ur(S), Dubbisag(S), Vretil(He). |
| Nah-Hunte | - | God of the sun and law. | - | - | - | - |
| Nammu(Ch) | - | A primordial being representing the primeval sea. The Sumerian Creatrix Goddess. "The Mother who gave birth to Heaven and Earth." | - | Mother of An and Ninhursag. | - | Aruru(As,Ch,S), Ki(Ch,S), Ningal(B,Se,S), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninmah(S), Nintu(S). |
| Namtar(As,B) | - | Servant of Nergal who brings death and disease to man. Messenger of Ereshkigal. | - | Husband of Husbishag. | - | Namtaru(S) |
| Namtaru | - | - | - | - | - | Namtar(As,B,S) |
| Nannar | - | - | - | - | - | Nanna(As,B,S) |
| Nazi(Se) | - | A goddess created by Ninhursag. | - | - | - | - |
| Nebo(He) | - | An aspect of Marduk. God of trading. | - | - | - | Ak(A), Marduk(A,As,B,S), Merodach(A) |
| Nedu | - | Chief gatekeeper of Arallu. | - | - | - | Neti(S) |
| Neti | - | - | - | - | - | Nedu(S) |
| Nimah | - | - | - | - | - | Ninmu(S) |
| Nina | Nina | Local goddess with a temple at Nina. | - | Daughter of Ea. Sister of Nisaba. Mother of Ningirsu. | - | Ninetta(S), Ninevah(S) |
| Ninazu | - | God of the sun. | - | Husband of Ninsu-Utud. Grandfather of Tammuz. Son of Enlil and Ninlil. | - | - |
| Nindurra | - | - | - | Daughter of Nintu and Enki. Mother of Uttu. | - | Ninkurra(S) |
| Nineishizda(B) | - | - | - | - | - | Ningishzida(B,S) |
| Ninetta | - | - | - | - | - | Nina(S) |
| Ninevah | - | - | - | - | - | Nina(S) |
| Ningirda | - | - | - | - | - | Ereshkigal(B,G,S) |
| Ningirsu | Lugash | God of irrigation and war. | - | Son and husband of Bau. | - | En-Mersi(S), Ninurta(A,C,S) |
| Ningizzida(B) | - | God of the dawn and trees. | - | Companion of Tammuz. | - | Nineishizda(B,S), Unummuzida(S) |
| Nin-Ib(A,As,B) | - | God of the spring and morning sun. | - | - | - | Adar(A,Se), Nerig(B), Nineb(B), Ninurta(A,C,S), Nirig(B), Reshep(E) |
| Ninigiku | - | A title of Ea meaning "King of the Sacred Eye." | - | - | - | Ea(A,As,B,S) |
| Ninkarrak(As,B) | - | Goddess of healing. | - | Daughter of Anu. Sister of Gibal. | - | Gula(A,B,S), Ishtar(As,A,B,Ch,Se,Si,S), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninki(S) |
| Ninkas | - | - | - | - | - | Ninkasi(S,Se) |
| Ninki | - | Goddess of fresh water. | - | - | - | Bau(A,B,P,S), Belit-Illi, Belitis, Damgalnunna(S), Damkina(As,B), Ga-Tum-Dug(S), Gashan-Ki(As,B), Gula(A,B,S), Innini(S), Ki(Ch,S), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninkarrak(As,B,S), Ninlil(As,B,S), Ninmah(S), Ninmu(S), Nintu(S) |
| Ninma | - | - | - | - | - | Ninmu(S) |
| Ninmah | - | An aspect of Mah. | - | - | - | Aruru(As,B,Ch,S), Mah(A,Ch,Pe,Se,S), Ningal(B,Se,S), Ninhursag(A,S), Ninki(S), Ninmu(S) |
| Ninmu | - | The goddess of plants. | - | Daughter of Ninhursag and Enki. Mother of Ninkurra. | - | Ki(Ch,S), Ninki(S), Ninmah(S), Ninsar(S) |
| Ninmug(B) | - | - | - | Sister of Inanna. | - | - |
| Nimurta | - | - | - | - | - | Ninurta(A,C,S) |
| Ninsar | - | - | - | - | - | Ninmu(S) |
| Ninshubur | - | Vizar of Inanna. | - | - | - | - |
| Ninsubur(A,B) | - | A messenger of the gods. | - | - | - | Ilabrat(B,S), Ili-Abrat(S), Ninurta(A,C,S), Papsukkal |
| Ninsun(Ch) | - | - | - | Mother of Dumuzi, Gestinanna, and Gilgamesh. | - | Situr(S) |
| Ninsu-Utud(A,B) | - | Goddess of healing. | - | Wife of Ninazu. | - | - |
| Nin-ti | - | One of the eight goddesses of healing created by Ninhursag to heal Enki. She healed Enki's rib. | - | - | - | Ninti |
| Nintu | - | - | - | Wife of Enki. Mother of Ninmu and Nindurra. | - | Ninhursag(A,S), Ishtar(A,As,B,Ch,Se,Si) |
| Nintud(A,B) | - | Earth goddess. | - | - | - | Belit(As,B,S), Belit-Ilani |
| Ninurash | - | - | - | - | - | Ninurta(A,C,S) |
| Nisaba | - | Goddess of architecture. | - | - | - | - |
| Nunbarshegunu(As,B) | - | - | - | Mother of Ninlil. | - | - |
| Nusku(As,B) | - | God of justice, fire, civilization, and light. Messenger of the gods. | A lamp. | - | - | - |
| Oannes(B,Ch,G) | - | Earth deity. Gave man knowledge of science and culture. | - | - | - | Aos(Ch,G,S), Dagon(A,B,C,S,Se,U), Ea(A,As,B,S) |
| Papsukkal | - | Vizier of the gods. | - | - | - | Papukkal(S) |
| Papukkal | - | - | - | - | - | Papsukkal(S) |
| Pazuzu | - | God of wind who brings disease to man. | - | Son of Hanpa. | - | - |
| Rammanu | - | - | - | - | - | Adad(Ar,As,B,C,S) |
| Rammon | - | - | - | - | - | Adad(Ar,As,B,C,S) |
| Sa | - | An ancient Sumerian god. | - | - | - | - |
| Satan(A,B,Pe) | - | An evil underworld deity. | - | - | - | Arya Sarasvati(T), Belial(A,As,B,He), Charun(Et), Devil, Eblis, Iblis, Nergal(As,B,E,P,S) |
| Sataran | Der | God of settling complaints. | - | - | - | - |
| Shala(Ch) | - | Goddess of compassion. | - | - | - | - |
| Shamash(A) | - | God of the sun and fire. | - | Son of Sin. Brother of Ishtar. | - | Babbar(S), Shahan, Shullat(S), Utu(S) |
| Shar | - | - | - | - | - | Anshar(As,B,S) |
| Shullat | - | - | - | - | - | Utu(S) |
| Siduru | - | - | - | - | - | Siduri(As,B,S) |
| Siduri(As,B) | - | A sea goddess. | - | - | - | Siduru(S) |
| Siduri-Sabitu | - | - | - | - | - | Sudiri(As,B,S) |
| Sige | - | - | - | - | - | Zi(S) |
| Sin(A,B) | - | Moon god in charge of maintaining each day of the month. | Crescent | Son of Enlil. Husband of Ningal. Father of Nusku. | - | Nanna(As,B,S), Nannar(S) |
| Sirara | - | Goddess of the Persian Gulf. | - | - | - | - |
| Sirrush | - | A sacred dragon of Marduk. | - | - | - | - |
| Sirtur | - | - | - | - | - | Duttur(S) |
| Situr | - | - | - | - | - | Ninsun(Ch,S) |
| Tablets of Fate | - | The tablets holding the fate of the world. | - | - | - | Dup Shimati(S) |
| Tashmetrum | - | Goddess of writing. | - | Wife of Nabu. | - | - |
| Tubal-cain | - | Patron of the forge. | - | - | - | - |
| Tiamat(As,B,Ch,Se) | - | Evil primordial Goddess of the primeval depths. Joined with Apsu to create the gods and the world. Warred on the gods. | - | Mother of Lahamu. Slain by Marduk. | - | Baau(As,B), Bis-Bis(As,B), Hubar(B), Mummu-Tiamat(S), Omorka(B,Ch), Omoroka(B,Ch), Tamtu, Tauthe(B), Tehom, Thalass, Thalath(B), Thamte, Tiawath, Tisalat, Ummukhubar, Leviathan(B,U) |
| Unummuzida | - | - | - | - | - | Ningishzida(B,S) |
| Upshukina | - | The home of the gods. | - | - | - | - |
| Ur | - | An ancient god. | - | - | - | - |
| Ur-Nammu | - | King of Ur who was deified. | - | - | First king of the third dynasty of Ur. | - |
| Utukku | - | Assistants to the gods. The good were called Shedu, and the evil were called Edimmu. | - | - | - | - |
| Vilin | - | Malevolent shape-changing female spirits. | - | - | - | - |
| Zalgarra | - | One of the first ancestors of man. | - | - | - | - |
| Zaltu(As,B) | - | Goddess of strife. | - | - | - | - |
| Zi | - | Nature spirits who were bestowed with individual names as they gained importance. | - | - | - | Sige(S), Ziku(B,S) |
| Ziku | - | - | - | - | - | Zi(S) |
| Zu | - | A underworld god. Stole the Tablets of Fate from Enlil. | - | - | - | Anzu(Pe,S), Imgig(S) |
The most esteemed body of books left out of the Bible, the Old Testament Apocrypha is of interest to historians, religious scholars, and ordinary laypeople alike. For more than 70 years this version, edited by R.H. Charles, has been the definitive critical edition. Out of print for years, Apocryphile Press is proud to make it available once more to scholars and the curious.
Paperback: 700 pages
Publisher: Apocryphile Press (November 1, 2004)
This volume combines a cultural guide to the biblical world and an annotated Bible. Its notes feature the reflections of Protestant, Roman Catholic, and Jewish scholars.
- Twenty-three insightful articles on aspects of the history, literary background, and culture of the biblical era.
- A special index of people, places, and themes of the Bible.
- 36 pages of full-color New Oxford Bible Maps, with index.
Paperback: 1860 pages
Publisher: Oxford University Press; 1 edition (March 12, 1992)
Like a redwood that towers above all other trees, The Strongest Strong’s takes James Strong’s classic concordance to unprecedented heights. Reflecting thousands of research hours, custom computer technology, and an exclusive database perfected over twenty years, The Strongest Strong’s is packed with features that make it the last word in accuracy and usefulness. No other Strong’s concordance can touch it. This is no mere study tool. Destined to become a foundational resource for Bible study the world over, The Strongest Strong’s is a landmark in biblical reference works.
What Makes This Strong’s the Strongest? Rebuilding Strong’s time-honored concordance from the ground up, biblical research experts John Kohlenberger and James Swanson have achieved unprecedented accuracy and clarity. Longstanding errors have been corrected. Omissions filled in. Word studies simplified. Thoroughness and ease of use have been united and maximized.
Kohlenberger and Swanson have also added the Nave’s Topical Bible Reference System―the world’s most complete topical Bible, updated, expanded, and streamlined to meet the needs of today’s Bible user. No other edition of Strong’s or Nave’s gives you all the information combined in The Strongest Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible.
A Stunning Array of World-Class Features
In order to experience all the advantages of The Strongest Strong’s, you’ll have to look inside. But here is a thumbnail sketch of what awaits you:
- Computer-verified accuracy. For the first time ever, cutting-edge computer analysis provides unparalleled, pinpoint accuracy
- Strong’s numbering system speeds you through word studies, giving you clear insights into Greek and Hebrew words
- Goodrick-Kohlenberger numbers in the dictionary indexes give you access to the growing library of reference tools that use these numbers―another unique feature
- The most up-to-date Hebrew and Greek dictionaries ensure precise meaning in your word studies
- Nave’s Topical Bible Reference System supplies the complete descriptive content and references (without the Bible text) of Nave’s Topical Bible, expanded to provide a total of more than 100,000 verses indexed by subject, word, phrase, synonym, and example
- Cross-references to places and names used in Bible translations besides the KJV
- Word counts furnish a complete accounting of every word in the Bible
- Fast-Tab locators help you find your place quickly and easily
- Smythe-sewn binding opens fully, lays flat, and lasts longer
- Words of Christ highlighted in red
- Maps
- Clear, easy-to-read type PLUS: Comprehensive guidance for using The Strongest Strong’s
- Major Social Concerns of the Mosaic Covenant
- Old Testament Sacrifices
- Hebrew Calendar
- Hebrew Feasts and Holy Days
- Weights, Lengths, and Measures of the Bible
- Kings of the Bible
- Harmony of the Gospels
- Prophecies of the Messiah Fulfilled in Jesus
- Parables of Jesus
- Miracles of Jesus
- Chronology of the Bible
About the Author
Dr. James Strong (1822-1894) was formerly president of Troy University and professor of exegetical theology at Drew Theological Seminary.
Hardcover: 1742 pages
Publisher: Zondervan; Supesaver ed. edition (September 1, 2001)
The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary puts the latest and most comprehensive biblical scholarship at your fingertips. Here is everything you need to know to fully understand the Old Testament, the Apocrypha, and the New Testament. An unparalleled resource, The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary explains every aspect of the Bible, including biblical archaeology, culture, related writings such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Bible‘s influence on Western civilization, biblical history, theological concepts, modern biblical interpretations, flora nad fauna, climate and environment, crafts and industry, the content of individual books of the bible, and more.
The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary features:
- Contributions by 193 noted experts on the Bible and the ancient Near East
- More than 3700 entries covering the Bible from A to Z
- Outlines for each book of the Bible
- 590 black–and–white photographs
- 53 color photographs
- An updated pronunciation guide
- 72 black–and–white maps
- 18 color maps
- Dozens of drawings, diagrams, and tables
About the Author
Paul J. Achtemeier is Professor of Biblical Interpretation at Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. A widely respected authority on the Bible, he is the author or co-author of 14 books, former editor of the quarterly Interpretation, and New Testament editor of the Interpretation Biblical Commentary Series. Professor Achtemeier has also been chief executive officer and president of the Society of Biblical Literature, and president of the Catholic Biblical Association.
The Editorial Board of the revised edition of The HarperCollins Bible Dictionary includes associate editors; Roger S. Boraas, Ph.D., Professor Emeritus of Religion, Uppsala College; Michael Fishbane, Ph.D., Nathan Cummings Professor of Jewish Studies, University of Chicago Divinity School; Pheme Perkins, Ph.D., Professor of Theology (New Testament), Boston College; and William O. Walker, Jr., Ph.D., Professor of Religion, Trinity University.
The Society of Biblical Literature is a seven-thousand-member international group of experts on the Bible and related fields. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Amazon.com Review
For the maps alone, this book is worth it. Following 1,250 pages that describe and explain the people, places, terms, and events of the Bible from Aaron to Zurishaddai, the 16 spectacular maps detail the political entities and boundaries of biblical times, bringing the historic times to vivid life. A fascinating book, an impressive collection of scholarship, and a possession to cherish, the 188 contributors and five editors show what can be produced if you don't cut corners on excellence. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Hardcover: 1178 pages
Publisher: HarperOne; Rev Upd Su edition
A Nelson exclusive. Study the meaning of biblical words in the original languages-without spending years learning Greek or Hebrew. This classic reference tool has helped thousands dig deeper into the meaning of the biblical text. Explains over 6,000 key biblical words. Includes a brand new comprehensive topical index that enables you to study biblical topics more thoroughly than ever before.
Hardcover: 1184 pages
Publisher: Thomas Nelson; 2nd Edition edition (August 26, 1996)
From the Inside Flap
Suppressed by the early church fathers who compiled the Bible, these apocryphal books have been shrouded in silence for centuries. Here are the Apostles' Creed, the girlhood and betrothal of Mary, the childhood of Jesus-told in all their warmth, intimacy and humanity. Translated from the Original Tongues, with 32 illustrations from Ancient Paintings and Missals.
Hardcover: 320 pages
Publisher: Testament; New edition edition (June 8, 1988)
Collects the lost writings and omissions from the traditional Bible, from the vivid sequel to Adam and Eve's expulsion from Paradise to the beautiful songs of peace and joy from the "Odes of Solomon."
Hardcover: 231 pages
Publisher: BELL PUBLISHING COMPANY; Facsimile of 1927 ed edition (December 10, 1995)
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Urantia Book, 44:0.11 - The Celestial Artisans
Never in your long ascendancy will you lose the power to recognize your associates of former existences. Always, as you ascend inward in the scale of life, will you retain the ability to recognize and fraternize with the fellow beings of your previous and lower levels of experience. Each new translation or resurrection will add one more group of spirit beings to your vision range without in the least depriving you of the ability to recognize your friends and fellows of former estates.
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Princess Bride 1987 Wallace Shawn (Vizzini) and Mandy Patinkin (Inigo Montoya)
Vizzini: HE DIDN'T FALL? INCONCEIVABLE.
Inigo Montoya: You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means. -
Urantia Book, 117:4.14 - The Finite God
And here is mystery: The more closely man approaches God through love, the greater the reality -- actuality -- of that man. The more man withdraws from God, the more nearly he approaches nonreality -- cessation of existence. When man consecrates his will to the doing of the Father's will, when man gives God all that he has, then does God make that man more than he is.
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Urantia Book, 167:7.4 - The Talk About Angels
"And do you not remember that I said to you once before that, if you had your spiritual eyes anointed, you would then see the heavens opened and behold the angels of God ascending and descending? It is by the ministry of the angels that one world may be kept in touch with other worlds, for have I not repeatedly told you that I have other sheep not of this fold?"
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Urantia Book, Foreword - 0:12.12 - The Trinities
But we know that there dwells within the human mind a fragment of God, and that there sojourns with the human soul the Spirit of Truth; and we further know that these spirit forces conspire to enable material man to grasp the reality of spiritual values and to comprehend the philosophy of universe meanings. But even more certainly we know that these spirits of the Divine Presence are able to assist man in the spiritual appropriation of all truth contributory to the enhancement of the ever-progressing reality of personal religious experience—God-consciousness.
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Urantia Book, 1:4.3 - The Mystery Of God
When you are through down here, when your course has been run in temporary form on earth, when your trial trip in the flesh is finished, when the dust that composes the mortal tabernacle "returns to the earth whence it came"; then, it is revealed, the indwelling "Spirit shall return to God who gave it." There sojourns within each moral being of this planet a fragment of God, a part and parcel of divinity. It is not yet yours by right of possession, but it is designedly intended to be one with you if you survive the mortal existence.
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Urantia Book, 1:4.1 - The Mystery Of God
And the greatest of all the unfathomable mysteries of God is the phenomenon of the divine indwelling of mortal minds. The manner in which the Universal Father sojourns with the creatures of time is the most profound of all universe mysteries; the divine presence in the mind of man is the mystery of mysteries.
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Urantia Book, 1:4.6 - The Mystery Of God
To every spirit being and to every mortal creature in every sphere and on every world of the universe of universes, the Universal Father reveals all of his gracious and divine self that can be discerned or comprehended by such spirit beings and by such mortal creatures. God is no respecter of persons, either spiritual or material. The divine presence which any child of the universe enjoys at any given moment is limited only by the capacity of such a creature to receive and to discern the spirit actualities of the supermaterial world.
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Urantia Book, 11:0.1 - The Eternal Isle Of Paradise
Paradise is the eternal center of the universe of universes and the abiding place of the Universal Father, the Eternal Son, the Infinite Spirit, and their divine co-ordinates and associates. This central Isle is the most gigantic organized body of cosmic reality in all the master universe. Paradise is a material sphere as well as a spiritual abode. All of the intelligent creation of the Universal Father is domiciled on material abodes; hence must the absolute controlling center also be material, literal. And again it should be reiterated that spirit things and spiritual beings are real.
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Urantia Book, 50:6.4 - Planetary Culture
Culture presupposes quality of mind; culture cannot be enhanced unless mind is elevated. Superior intellect will seek a noble culture and find some way to attain such a goal. Inferior minds will spurn the highest culture even when presented to them ready-made.
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Urantia Book, 54:1.6 - True And False Liberty
True liberty is the associate of genuine self-respect; false liberty is the consort of self-admiration. True liberty is the fruit of self-control; false liberty, the assumption of self-assertion. Self-control leads to altruistic service; self-admiration tends towards the exploitation of others for the selfish aggrandizement of such a mistaken individual as is willing to sacrifice righteous attainment for the sake of possessing unjust power over his fellow beings.
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Urantia Book, 54:1.9 - True And False Liberty
How dare the self-willed creature encroach upon the rights of his fellows in the name of personal liberty when the Supreme Rulers of the universe stand back in merciful respect for these prerogatives of will and potentials of personality! No being, in the exercise of his supposed personal liberty, has a right to deprive any other being of those privileges of existence conferred by the Creators and duly respected by all their loyal associates, subordinates, and subjects.
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Urantia Book, 54:1.8 - True And False Liberty
There is no error greater than that species of self-deception which leads intelligent beings to crave the exercise of power over other beings for the purpose of depriving these persons of their natural liberties. The golden rule of human fairness cries out against all such fraud, unfairness, selfishness, and unrighteousness.
